Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to antihypertensive agent use.
Total n = 22,278 | Non-users n = 12,174 | Users n = 10,104 | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 63.3 ± 10.4 | 59.8 ± 10.0 | 67.4 ± 9.2 |
Men [n (%)] | 10,836 (48.6) | 6273 (51.5) | 4563 (45.2) |
Low-income status (lower 20%) [n (%)] | 3008 (13.5) | 1472 (12.1) | 1536 (15.2) |
Current smoker [n (%)] | 2940 (13.2) | 1926 (15.8) | 1014 (10.0) |
Heavy alcohol consumption [n (%)] | 641 (2.9) | 403 (3.3) | 238 (2.4) |
Regular exercise [n (%)] | 4865 (21.8) | 2764 (22.7) | 2101 (20.8) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.0 | 23.8 ± 2.8 | 24.9 ± 3.1 |
Waist circumference (cm) | |||
In men | 85.5 ± 7.2 | 84.2 ± 6.8 | 87.3 ± 7.4 |
In women | 80.8 ± 8.4 | 78.5 ± 7.8 | 83.2 ± 8.3 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127.2 ± 15.6 | 124.2 ± 14.9 | 130.9 ± 15.7 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77.8 ± 10.0 | 76.9 ± 9.9 | 79.0 ± 10.0 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 104.0 ± 28.6 | 100.5 ± 24.5 | 108.3 ± 32.2 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 202.6 ± 39.2 | 206.5 ± 37.9 | 198.0 ± 40.2 |
Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 150.0 ± 94.1 | 144.4 ± 98.5 | 156.7 ± 88.1 |
HDL-C (mg/dl) | 57.0 ± 50.6 | 60.2 ± 60.2 | 53.2 ± 35.5 |
LDL-C (mg/dl) | 120.6 ± 37.0 | 124.6 ± 34.7 | 115.8 ± 39.0 |
Dyslipidaemia [n (%)] | 10,913 (49.0) | 4783 (39.3) | 6130 (60.7) |
Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 5718 (25.7) | 2096 (17.2) | 3622 (35.8) |
Proteinuria (urine dipstick positivity) [n (%)] | 1320 (5.9) | 425 (3.5) | 895 (8.9) |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 41.7 ± 20.8 | 38.2 ± 23.3 | 45.9 ± 16.4 |
Categorization according to the baseline eGFR | |||
30 ≤ eGFR < 60 (ml/min/1.73 m2) [n (%)] | 16,822 (75.5) | 8118 (66.7) | 8704 (86.1) |
eGFR < 30 (ml/min/1.73 m2) [n (%)] | 5456 (24.5) | 4056 (33.3) | 1400 (13.9) |
