Table 3 Factors potentially associated with 48 h mortality according to characteristics evaluated and results of bivariate and multivariate tests in 161 episodes of bacteremia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in cancer patients.

From: Fluoroquinolone treatment as a protective factor for 10-day mortality in Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia in cancer patients

Variable

Bivariate analysis/multivariate analysis

 

OR (95% CI)

p value

Sex

 

0.183

 Female

1

 

 Male

1.77 (0.76–4.11)

 

 Age (years)

0.98 (0.95–1.01)

0.122**

Ethnicity

 

0.061#

 Asian

&

 

 White

0.71 (0.27–1.91)

 

 Black

0.52

 

 Mixed

1

 

Comorbidities

 Systemic arterial hypertension

0.692 (0.317–1.51)

0.353

 Diabetes mellitus

0.094 (0.012–0.71)

0.005

 Congestive heart failure

&

0.128*

 COPD

0.737 (0.34–1.60)

0.437

 Smoking

0.628 (0.291–1.36)

0.234

 Splenectomy

&

 > 0.999*

 AIDS/HIV

1.312 (0.252–6.82)

0.668*

 Neoplasm

 

0.870#

Solid tumors

 Head and necka

1

 

 GTI

0.67 (0.22–1.98)

 

 Respiratory tract

0.3 (0.07–1.32)

 

 Liver/biliary ducts

0.5 (0.09–2.93)

 

 Breasts

0.4 (0.04–4.02)

 

 Pancreas

0.67 (0.06–7.48)

 

 Female genitourinary

0.67

 

 Bones/cartilage/SST

0.67 (0.06–7.48)

 

 Male genitourinary

&

 

 Timo/parotid

&

 

Hematologic neoplasms

 Multiple myeloma

0.22 (0.04–1.20)

 

 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

0.33 (0.06–1.86)

 

 Hodgkin's lymphoma

0.67 (0.06–7.48)

 

 Leukemias

&

 

Karnofsky

 

0.116

 90/100

1

 

  < 90

1.96 (0.84–4.59)

 

ECOG

 

0.357

 0/1/2

1

 

 3/4

1.49 (0.64–3.50)

 

 Presence of metastasis

1.496 (0.68–3.30)

0.315

 Radiotherapy past month

1.73 (0.68–4.37)

0.244

 Chemotherapy past month

1.56 (0.70–3.47)

0.279

 Monoclonal antibodies past month

1.3 (0.13–12.94)

 > 0.999*

 Corticotherapy past month

1.14 (0.51–2.58)

0.751

 Community-acquired infection

0.86 (0.38–1.97)

0.72

 Health-care infection

1.16 (0.51–2.66)

0.72

Primary site of infection

 

0.216#

 Lung

1

 

 Abdomen

0.45 (0.1–2.08)

 

 Bloodstream infection

&

 

 Central nervous system

&

 

 Oropharynx/facial sinuses

&

 

 SST

&

 

 Biliary tract

&

 

 Urinary tract

&

 

 Fever in the 48 h preceding the episode

0.64 (0.30–1.38)

0.25

Neutropenia

 Neutropenia past month

4.94 (2.19–11.14)

 < 0.001

 Current neutropenia

5.41 (2.37–12.39)

 < 0.001

 Severe neutropenia past month

4.54 (1.99–10.32)

 < 0.001

 Current severe neutropenia

4.78 (2.06–11.08)

 < 0.001

 Prolonged neutropenia past month

1.73 (0.42–7.08)

0.429*

 Febrile neutropenia

2.87 (1.20–6.86)

0.015

 Antibiotics last month

0.83 (0.35–1.95)

0.67

SOFA

1.4/1.37 (1.20–1.57)***

 < 0.001£/ < 0.001***

Polymicrobial bacteremia

5.52 (2.19–13.94)/3.78 (1.26–11.32) ***

 < 0.001*/0.018 ***

Strain susceptibility

 MIC PEN

0.57 (0.18—1.86)

0.771£

 MIC CRO

0.87 (0.13–5.91)

0.856£

 PEN susceptibility (MIC ≤ 2)

&

 > 0.999*

 CRO susceptibility (MIC ≤ 1)

&

&

 CLI susceptibility

1.36 (0.27–6.50)

 > 0.999*

 CHL susceptibility

&

0.200*

 ERY susceptibility

2.3 (0.50–10.55)

0.368*

 LEV susceptibility

&

&

 SXT susceptibility

1.99 (0.84–4.68))

0.113

 TET susceptibility

2.32 (0.65–8.27)

0.184

 VAN susceptibility

&

&

Vaccination features

 Vaccine serotype VCV 13b

2.64 (1.00–6.99)

&

 Vaccine serotype VPV 23c

1.32 (0.45–3.9)

0.046

 Pneumococcal vaccine before the episode

&

0.618

 Pneumococcal vaccine in any time

&

 > 0.999*

Antimicrobial treatment (ABT)

  

 Instituted in the first 24 h

0.47 (0.162–1.36)

0.212*

 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporin

0.38 (0.164–0.88)

0.022

 Penicillind

0.92 (0.424–1.98)

0.825

 Fluoroquinolonese

0.11 (0.014–0.85)

0.012

 Glycopeptide/linezolid

0.75 (0.346–1.61)

0.455

 SMX/TMP

&

 > 0.999*

 Clindamycin

1.57 (2.19–13.94)

0.634*

  1. Chi-square test; *Fisher exact test; #Likelihood ratio test; **T-Student Test; £Mann–Whitney test; &Cannot estimate; ***Multiple logistic regression.
  2. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GTI gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, anus and rectum), SST skin and soft tissue, PEN peniciin, CRO ceftriaxone, CLO chloramphenicol, ERY erythromycin, CLI clindamycin, VAN vancomycin, LEV levofloxacin, SXT sulfamethoxazole- trimethoprim, TET tetracycline.
  3. aHead and neck, oral cavity, larynx and pharynx.
  4. bVaccine VCV 13. or pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13.
  5. cVaccine VPV 23. or pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23.
  6. dOxacillin, amoxicillin, piperacillin-tazobactam.
  7. eMoxifloxacin, levofloxacin. MIC minimum inhibitory concentration.
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