Figure 4
Morphometric and geometric parameters of the aortic arch model. Point Z1 is located at the level corresponding to the pulmonary trunk bifurcation. Points Z2, Z3, and Z4 are positioned at the distal edge of the brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery, respectively. Points Z5 and Z6 are located at the level of the upper edge of the body of the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae, respectively. Planes S1–5 and S6 are the cross-sections perpendicular to the aortic centerline at points Z1–5 and Z6, respectively. Diameters D1–5 and D6 are aortic diameters of S1–5 and S6, respectively. Aortic angulations θ1–4 are measured as the angles between two adjacent planes. Length L1–4 are measured for each zone along the centerline. The distance between S0 and S1 corresponds to the length of the supra-valve part of the aortic valve model (30 mm). The deviation angles of the ascending aorta (α) and ventricular axis (β) to the left of the median plane and that of the ascending aorta with the descending aorta (γ) are measured on a ventral view. The deviation angle of the transverse arch to the perpendicular plane to the sternum (δ) is determined on a cranial view.
