Figure 5
The upscaling workflow: A 3603 voxel block (A) is cut into 603 sub-volumes (B). The permeability for each sub-volume is then solved using DBS for numerical upscaling, the features extracted for machine learning upscaling, and the porosity calculated for Kozeny–Carman upscaling. The upscaled permeability for each model is then assigned to each upscaling Darcy block (C), and then the Darcy permeability is solved on the upscaled volume (D). Images in this figure were rendered using Paraview49.
