Table 2 Results of the models run, including estimates, standard errors (SE), confidence intervals (CIs), z values (z), likelihood ratio tests (LRT), degrees of freedom (df), and p values for each test and control predictor (in parentheses, the reference category).

From: Dominance style predicts differences in food retrieval strategies

Model

Estimate

SE

2.5% CI

97.5% CI

z

LRT

df

P

DOM1: PROBABILITY THAT DOMINANTS COLLECT FOOD CLOSER TO COMPETITORS

Intercept

− 0.19

0.97

− 2.09

1.71

− 0.20

–

–

–

Species (JM1)

− 0.87

0.45

− 1.75

0.01

− 1.93

5.55

2

0.063

Species (MM4)

− 1.54

0.49

− 2.51

− 0.57

− 3.12

   

Rank

− 1.98

1.05

− 4.04

0.08

− 1.88

3.14

1

0.076

Session

− 0.40

0.21

− 0.82

0.01

− 1.90

3.75

1

0.053

Trial

− 0.55

0.25

− 1.04

− 0.05

− 2.18

5.25

1

0.022

Dom2: PROBABILITY THAT DOMINANTS COLLECT FOOD WHILE OBSERVING TESTING AREA

Intercept

1.00

0.79

− 0.55

2.55

1.26

–

–

–

Species (JM1)

− 0.55

0.52

− 1.56

0.46

− 1.06

1.07

2

0.586

Species (MM4)

− 0.43

0.46

− 1.33

0.47

− 0.94

   

Rank

− 0.53

0.80

− 2.10

1.04

− 0.66

0.42

1

0.515

Session

0.08

0.09

− 0.11

0.26

0.83

0.69

1

0.405

Trial

− 0.28

0.10

− 0.47

− 0.08

− 2.73

7.57

1

0.006

DomSub1: PROBABILITY TO TEMPORARILY STORE FOOD

Intercept

0.62

0.55

− 0.45

1.70

1.13

–

–

–

Species (JM1)

2.60

0.46

1.70

3.49

5.68

44.32

2

< 0.001*

Species (MM4)

− 0.31

0.42

− 1.12

0.51

− 0.74

   

Most dominant in the area

− 1.71

0.27

− 2.24

− 1.17

− 6.24

43.19

1

< 0.001*

Rank

− 2.29

0.79

− 3.83

− 0.75

− 2.91

7.75

1

0.005

Age (juvenile)

1.09

0.56

− 0.01

2.19

1.95

5.19

2

0.075

Age (subadult)

0.83

0.51

− 0.16

1.83

1.64

   

Session

0.38

0.09

0.20

0.55

4.24

18.65

1

< 0.001

Trial

− 0.24

0.09

− 0.42

− 0.06

− 2.61

6.80

1

0.009

DomSub2: PROBABILITY TO COLLECT MORE FOOD AFTER TEMPORARILY STORING IT

Intercept

− 1.57

0.51

− 2.56

− 0.58

− 3.10

–

–

–

Species (JM1)

0.72

0.32

0.10

1.34

2.29

13.08

2

0.001*

Species (MM4)

− 0.23

0.35

− 0.92

0.45

− 0.66

   

Most dominant in the area

1.08

0.37

0.36

1.80

2.94

8.75

1

0.003*

Rank

0.58

0.75

− 0.89

2.04

0.77

0.60

1

0.438

Age (juvenile)

− 0.48

0.35

− 1.16

0.21

− 1.37

2.73

2

0.256

Age (subadult)

0.09

0.26

− 0.43

0.60

0.33

   

Session

− 0.23

0.10

− 0.41

− 0.04

− 2.38

5.71

1

0.017

Trial

− 0.63

0.11

− 0.85

− 0.41

− 5.67

36.88

1

< 0.001

Sub1: PROBABILITY TO RETRIEVE PERIPHERAL FOOD

Intercept

0.04

0.47

− 0.89

0.97

0.08

–

–

–

Species (JM1)

− 0.07

0.30

− 0.65

0.52

− 0.23

5.35

2

0.069

Species (MM4)

− 0.61

0.29

− 1.18

− 0.05

− 2.13

   

Being subordinate in the area

0.90

0.21

0.50

1.31

4.39

20.33

1

< 0.001*

Rank

− 0.03

0.55

− 1.10

1.04

− 0.06

0.00

1

0.955

Age (juvenile)

0.01

0.37

− 0.71

0.74

0.03

0.00

2

0.999

Age (subadult)

− 0.01

0.34

− 0.68

0.66

− 0.02

   

Session

0.10

0.06

− 0.02

0.22

1.62

2.64

1

0.104

Trial

− 0.08

0.06

− 0.20

0.04

− 1.26

1.58

1

0.209

Sub2: PROBABILITY THAT SUBORDINATES COLLECT FOOD NOT VISIBLE TO DOMINANTS

Intercept

0.18

0.54

− 0.89

1.24

0.33

–

–

–

Species (JM1)

0.51

0.30

− 0.07

1.10

1.72

8.13

2

0.017*

Species (MM4)

− 0.24

0.30

− 0.82

0.34

− 0.80

   

Rank

− 1.02

0.71

− 2.42

0.38

− 1.43

1.99

1

0.158

Rank difference

0.33

0.55

− 0.74

1.40

0.60

0.36

1

0.548

Age (juvenile)

0.38

0.32

− 0.24

1.00

1.19

1.57

2

0.456

Age (subadult)

− 0.01

0.29

− 0.59

0.56

− 0.04

   

Session

− 0.11

0.08

− 0.26

0.04

− 1.41

1.99

1

0.159

Trial

0.58

0.09

0.41

0.75

6.66

48.97

1

< 0.001

Sub3: PROBABILITY THAT SUBORDINATES COLLECT FOOD WHILE DISSIMULATING

Intercept

− 3.35

1.41

− 6.10

− 0.59

− 2.38

–

–

–

Species (JM1)

1.25

0.80

− 0.32

2.82

1.56

8.36

2

0.015*

Species (MM4)

− 0.19

0.88

− 1.91

1.53

− 0.21

   

Rank

− 1.52

1.77

− 4.98

1.94

− 0.86

0.71

1

0.400

Rank difference

− 0.93

1.32

− 3.51

1.66

− 0.70

0.48

1

0.487

Age (juvenile)

0.41

0.69

− 0.95

1.76

0.59

3.61

2

0.165

Age (subadult)

0.98

0.49

0.02

1.94

2.00

   

Session

0.53

0.20

0.13

0.93

2.59

7.28

1

0.007

Trial

− 0.13

0.18

− 0.49

0.23

− 0.71

0.52

1

0.469

Sub4: PROBABILITY THAT SUBORDINATES COLLECT FOOD WHEN DOMINANTS ATTACK OTHERS

Intercept

− 2.77

0.92

− 457

− 0.96

− 3.01

–

− 

–

Species (JM1)

1.02

0.37

0.30

1.74

2.76

36.73

2

< 0.001*

Species (MM4)

− 2.02

0.57

− 3.13

− 0.91

− 3.56

   

Rank

− 0.29

1.25

− 2.75

2.16

− 0.24

0.05

1

0.816

Rank difference

1.56

0.86

− 0.13

3.25

1.81

3.44

1

0.064

Age (juvenile)

0.53

0.40

− 0.25

1.31

1.33

8.35

2

0.015

Age (subadult)

0.91

0.34

0.24

1.57

2.69

   

Session

0.05

0.10

− 0.15

0.26

0.52

0.27

1

0.606

Trial

0.15

0.10

− 0.04

− 0.34

1.55

2.39

1

0.122

  1. Significant test predictors are in bold, control predictors in italics. Session and trial numbers were z-transformed prior to analysis. All models included subject identity as random effect. The asterisks denote significant p values for the test predictors. All models had a binomial distribution.
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