Table 1 Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level simulated by different doses of 308 nm UVB irradiation to VDd mice.

Group	Irradiation duration, week (N = 6 at each time point)
Group	0	1	2^#	3^#,$	4^#	5^&
CA^b,c,d,e	29.6 ± 3.6	26.2 ± 4.0	31.6 ± 4.4	37.0 ± 2.6	36.0 ± 4.7	24.6 ± 6.4
CB^a,c,d,e,f	UD	3.3 ± 0.6	4.6 ± 2.0	3.2 ± 0.5	3.0 ± 0.0	4.3 ± 0.9
VDd with UVB irradiation, μω/cm²
UVB 1, 12.5^a,b,d,e,f	UD	4.7 ± 2.1	10.7 ± 2.2	10.2 ± 2.0	9.7 ± 3.1	9.7 ± 0.9
UVB 2, 25^a,b,c,e,f	UD	8.8 ± 2.1	17.3 ± 4.2	21.1 ± 5.4	21.4 ± 8.5	19.0 ± 3.3
UVB 3, 50^a,b,c,d,f	UD	16.6 ± 3.5	25.9 ± 5.6	35.1 ± 4.1	–	–
UVB 4, 100^b,c,d,e	UD	26.3 ± 3.1	35.4 ± 4.7	39.9 ± 2.5	–	–

Data represented as mean ± SD. Unit: ng/mL.
The 25OHD levels lower than the detection limit of 3 ng/mL by Elecsys cobas e411 analyzer were marked as UD.
Unbalanced ANOVA with a two-way design was applied to inspect the effects of UVB dose per time and irradiation duration on 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. Differences of means between groups of UVB dose were tested by the Tukey–Kramer approach to adjust for multiple comparisons.
VDd, vitamin D deficiency; UVB, ultraviolet B; CA, control A group feeding with normal diet; CB, control B group feeding with VDd diet; UD, undetectable.
^aP < 0.05 when compared with the mean of 25 (OH)D level in the CA group.
^bP < 0.05 when compared with the mean of 25 (OH)D level in the CB group.
^cP < 0.05 when compared with the mean of 25 (OH)D level in the UVB 1 group.
^dP < 0.05 when compared with the mean of 25 (OH)D level in the UVB 2 group.
^eP < 0.05 when compared with the mean of 25 (OH)D level in the UVB 3 group.
^fP < 0.05 when compared with the mean of 25 (OH)D level in the UVB 4 group.
^#P < 0.05 when compared with the mean of 25 (OH)D level at week 1.
^$P < 0.05 when compared with the mean of 25 (OH)D level at week 2.
^&P < 0.05 when compared with the mean of 25 (OH)D level at week 3.

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