Figure 1

Kinematic analysis of gait. (a). The traces of the normal ankle kinematic curve. The differences between peaks (Δs) are represented by the white lines. (b). The box plot of the ankle excursion during the initial phase of gait cycle (AΔ1). The Δ is calculated as the difference between two consecutive peaks. The box plot includes data from 25 to 75th percentiles; the median is represented by the horizontal line inside each box; error lines reach the 10th and 90th percentiles; the outliers, if present, are represented by filled circles falling beyond 10th and 90th percentiles. Significance p value: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Healthy controls (HC), individual with Parkinson’s disease before L-DOPA intake (PDoff), individual with Parkinson’s disease after L-DOPA intake (PDon).