Figure 2

Probiotic intervention modestly alters the concentration of probiotic strains in feces. Concentrations of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 (a) and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (b) detected in fecal samples collected approximately 1 h before the acute defeat (pre defeat, black bar), 24 h following the acute defeat (blue bar), or 24 h following repeated defeats (green bar). Data are presented as mean +/− standard error of the mean; non-shared letters within each panel denote a significant difference (p < 0.03).