Figure 6 | Scientific Reports

Figure 6

From: Ingestion of probiotic (Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum) alters intestinal microbial structure and behavioral expression following social defeat stress

Figure 6

Probiotic intervention alters cytokines following social stress. Following repeated social defeat, circulating concentrations (pg/mL) of IL-4 (a), IL-10 (b), and IL-5 (c) were significantly increased in hamsters treated with both doses of the probiotic (low dose, n = 7, blue dots) (high dose, n = 20, purple dots) compared with placebo (n = 20, orange dots) (*significantly higher than placebo, p < 0.01). Data presented as mean +/− standard error of the mean.

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