Figure 5

(a–c) Comparison of charge–discharge voltage profiles of CV-ZBB and 3D-Ti-ZBB single cells at 1st, 50th, and 100th cycles. Charge–discharge and stripping voltage profiles of ZBB single cells with (d) GE (ref) and (e) 3D-Ti-GE over 100 cycles. (f) Electrode refreshing capacities (zinc stripping capacities) of ZBB single cells with GE (ref) and 3D-Ti-GE for current densities from 5 to 1 mA cm−2 performed every five cycles over 100 cycles.