Table 1 Characteristics of respondents’ households in the forest corridor linking the Rajaji and Corbett Tiger Reserves, Uttarakhand, India. (* values in parentheses indicate percentage of total households sampled).
Characteristic | Household details | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Hill | Plain | Overall | |
Number of villages sampled | 14 | 23 | 37 |
Number of households sampled | 166 | 591 | 757 |
Household size | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 5.29 ± 0.10 | 5.2 ± 0.08 |
Sex ratio (male:female) | 1:0.88 | 1:0.85 | 1:0.85 |
Average age of respondents | 33.14 | 30 | 30.72 |
Respondent education (%) | |||
Illiterate | 50.9 | 20.3 | 17.0 |
Less than 8th grade | 10.5 | 16.9 | 19.8 |
8th grade to 12th grade | 35.0 | 48.1 | 50.3 |
Graduate | 1.4 | 8.0 | 6.7 |
Postgraduate | 2.2 | 6.8 | 6.1 |
Average landholding (ha hh−1) | 0.38 ± 0.04 | 1.17 ± 0.95 | 1.00 ± 0.07 |
Source of fuel (%) | |||
LPG* | 52.4 (26.6) | 72.0 (41.5) | 67.7 |
Kerosene* | 42.7 (21.7) | 6.2 (3.6) | 14.2 |
Dung* | 0.0 | 2.4 (1.3) | 1.8 |
Wood* | 98.1 (50.0) | 88.4 (50.9) | 90.6 |
Biogas* | 3.0 (1.5) | 4.4 (2.5) | 4.0 |
Households practicing agriculture | 152 (91.5%) | 382 (64.4%) | 534 (70.5%) |
Annual income from crops (US $) | 212.29 ± 36.1 | 1069.37 ± 588.5 | 881.51 ± 19.0 |
Households with livestock | 157 (94.5%) | 490 (82.9%) | 647 (85.4%) |
Average livestock (hh−1) | 4.58 ± 0.34 | 5.43 ± 0.21 | 5.25 ± 0.18 |
Annual income from livestock (US $ hh−1) | 55.78 ± 13.5 | 107.21 ± 22.8 | 95.93 ± 17.5 |
Annual income from off-farm sources (US $ hh−1) | 1918.39 ± 171.0 | 1969.81 ± 109.5 | 1958.57 ± 93.3 |
Total annual income excluding forest contribution (US $ hh−1) | 1980.67 ± 176.0 | 2983.92 ± 484.6 | 2763.91 ± 377.8 |
