Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and evoked pain data by group for episodic migraine patients and healthy individuals.
From: Slowly repeated evoked pain (SREP) as a central sensitization marker in episodic migraine patients
Variables | EM (n = 40) | Healthy (n = 40) | EM vs Healthy | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t or χ2 | p** | η2 | |||
Age (years) | 20.95 ± 3.05 | 21.25 ± 3.45 | − 0.412 | 0.682 | 0.002 |
BMI | 23.04 ± 3.52 | 22.09 ± 3.36 | 1.244 | 0.217 | 0.019 |
Pain threshold (kg) | 3.38 ± 1.45 | 3.18 ± 1.76 | 0.553 | 0.582 | 0.004 |
Pain tolerance (kg) | 7.99 ± 1.92 | 7.99 ± 2.19 | 0.004 | 0.997 | < 0.001 |
SREP sensitization (VAS) [0–10] | 1.00 ± 0.62 | − 15 ± 0.98 | 5.544 | < 0.001*** | 0.283 |
SREP stimulus pressure (kg)* | 4.82 ± 1.36 | 4.68 ± 1.76 | 0.391 | 0.697 | 0.002 |
TSP (NRS) [0–10] | 0.43 ± 0.72 | 0.56 ± 1.12 | − 0.654 | 0.515 | 0.005 |
Present Pain Index (MPQ) [0–5] | 0.45 ± 0.86 | 0.35 ± 0.58 | 0.602 | 0.549 | 0.005 |
First pain rating SREP (VAS) [0–10] | 3.25 ± 1.86 | 3.47 ± 1.94 | − 0.518 | 0.606 | 0.003 |
First pain rating TSP (NRS) [0–10] | 1.44 ± 1.29 | 1.31 ± 1.34 | 0.424 | 0.673 | 0.002 |
Catastrophizing (CSQ) [0–36] | 15.28 ± 7.37 | 7.23 ± 5.58 | 5.509 | < 0.001*** | 0.280 |
Anxiety (HADS-A) [0–21] | 8.30 ± 2.95 | 8.18 ± 3.10 | 0.185 | 0.854 | < 0.001 |
Depression (HADS-D) [0–21] | 3.78 ± 3.00 | 4.38 ± 3.46 | − 0.828 | 0.410 | 0.009 |
Regular analgesics use, N (%) | 24 [60%] | 0 [0%] | 34.286 | < 0.001*** | 0.002 |
Age of onset of migraine (years) | 11.98 ± 3.62 | – | – | – | – |
Intensity of migraine attacks [0–10] | 7.68 ± 1.00 | – | – | – | – |
Duration of migraine attacks (h) | 10.15 ± 6.10 | – | – | – | – |
Frequency of migraine (days/month) | 6.68 ± 3.74 | – | – | – | – |
