Table 1 The incident cases, age-standardized incidence, and temporal trend of liver cirrhosis caused by NASH between 1990 and 2017.

Overall

178.43 (162.93–195.85)

3.31 (3.02–3.63)

367.78 (334.46–403.73)

4.81 (4.38–5.28)

1.35 (1.28–1.42)

Sex

Male

106.21 (96.99–116.23)

3.91 (3.57–4.28)

212.33 (193.93–232.72)

5.54 (5.06–6.07)

1.24 (1.17–1.32)

Female

72.22 (65.62–79.58)

2.70 (2.45–2.97)

155.45 (140.60–170.78)

4.08 (3.69–4.49)

1.51 (1.44–1.57)

Socio-demographic index

Low

14.25 (12.92–15.76)

2.04 (1.85–2.26)

35.04 (31.29–39.28)

2.72 (2.43–3.05)

1.03 (0.90–1.16)

Low-middle

31.41 (28.34–34.91)

3.01 (2.71–3.34)

74.40 (66.69–82.84)

4.36 (3.91–4.86)

1.36 (1.34–1.37)

Middle

56.49 (51.87–61.46)

3.64 (3.34–3.96)

124.91 (114.34–136.16)

5.98 (5.47–6.51)

1.76 (1.69–1.84)

Middle-high

42.82 (39.47–46.69)

3.85 (3.55–4.20)

85.13 (77.73–92.99)

6.14 (5.60–6.70)

1.77 (1.65–1.89)

High

32.64 (28.92–37.10)

3.38 (2.99–3.84)

46.92 (42.79–51.91)

4.12 (3.75–4.55)

0.62 (0.57–0.68)

Region

Western Sub-Saharan Africa

6.38 (5.70–7.15)

3.32 (2.96–3.72)

16.36 (14.45–18.57)

3.77 (3.33–4.28)

0.36 (0.31–0.40)

Southern Sub-Saharan Africa

1.60 (1.44–1.78)

3.05 (2.75–3.39)

2.79 (2.49–3.14)

3.61 (3.21–4.06)

0.54 (0.44–0.63)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

6.58 (5.95–7.29)

3.44 (3.11–3.81)

15.16 (13.53–16.97)

3.85 (3.44–4.32)

0.32 (0.22–0.42)

Central Sub-Saharan Africa

1.50 (1.33–1.69)

2.73 (2.41–3.08)

3.95 (3.43–4.61)

3.25 (2.82–3.79)

0.59 (0.50–0.69)

Oceania

0.14 (0.12–0.17)

2.19 (1.86–2.56)

0.39 (0.33–0.46)

3.11 (2.60–3.69)

1.28 (1.24–1.32)

High-income North America

7.00 (6.57–7.45)

2.49 (2.34–2.65)

14.09 (13.04–15.15)

3.91 (3.61–4.20)

1.62 (1.57–1.68)

North Africa and Middle East

15.44 (13.57–17.55)

4.53 (3.98–5.15)

45.31 (39.61–51.41)

7.55 (6.60–8.57)

1.99 (1.88–2.10)

Tropical Latin America

9.98 (9.21–10.84)

6.51 (6.00–7.06)

22.69 (20.80–24.60)

10.37 (9.51–11.25)

1.72 (1.67–1.77)

Southern Latin America

2.19 (1.95–2.44)

4.41 (3.93–4.93)

4.23 (3.77–4.72)

6.45 (5.74–7.19)

1.39 (1.38–1.41)

Central Latin America

15.35 (13.80–17.01)

9.35 (8.41–10.36)

40.51 (36.42–44.71)

15.86 (14.26–17.50)

1.95 (1.91–1.98)

Andean Latin America

2.34 (2.09–2.61)

6.11 (5.45–6.81)

7.96 (7.16–8.83)

12.96 (11.65–14.37)

2.94 (2.85–3.04)

Western Europe

14.94 (12.77–17.46)

3.87 (3.31–4.53)

18.95 (16.80–21.73)

4.38 (3.88–5.02)

0.27 (0.19–0.35)

Eastern Europe

8.69 (8.10–9.35)

3.83 (3.57–4.12)

15.96 (14.85–17.20)

7.59 (7.07–8.18)

3.26 (2.99–3.54)

Central Europe

5.83 (5.26–6.48)

4.70 (4.24–5.22)

7.17 (6.51–7.90)

6.25 (5.67–6.88)

1.32 (1.19–1.44)

Caribbean

2.18 (1.98–2.42)

6.19 (5.60–6.86)

4.49 (4.01–4.99)

9.69 (8.68–10.79)

1.55 (1.49–1.60)

Australasia

0.48 (0.42–0.54)

2.35 (2.05–2.67)

0.81 (0.72–0.91)

2.87 (2.55–3.20)

0.81 (0.67–0.94)

Southeast Asia

15.37 (14.03–16.82)

3.29 (3.01–3.60)

36.23 (32.82–39.99)

5.49 (4.97–6.06)

1.86 (1.80–1.92)

South Asia

13.25 (12.23–14.36)

1.19 (1.10–1.29)

33.10 (30.41–36.09)

1.86 (1.71–2.02)

1.57 (1.44–1.70)

East Asia

40.79 (37.21–44.78)

3.24 (2.96–3.56)

66.99 (60.79–73.22)

4.51 (4.09–4.93)

0.99 (0.76–1.22)

Central Asia

2.35 (2.14–2.57)

3.36 (3.07–3.69)

5.54 (5.01–6.13)

6.10 (5.51–6.75)

2.44 (2.32–2.57)

High-income Asia Pacific

6.06 (4.98–7.33)

3.49 (2.87–4.22)

5.06 (4.31–5.96)

2.71 (2.30–3.18)

− 1.22 (− 1.36–1.08)