Table 1 Interspecific diversity of morphological changes during F−0 instar larvae of 49 species in this study and the additional two species from other references.

From: Comprehensive comparative morphology and developmental staging of final instar larvae toward metamorphosis in the insect order Odonata

Species no.	Family	Species	The number of individuals		Clear emergence of newly formed regions	Compound eyes expansion to dorsal side	Wing sheaths Expansion	Wrinkles on the wings	Pigmentation on the head	Apolyses on compound eyes	Degradation of larval labium	Black markings on the basal wings	Blact dots emergence	Bristles melanization
			The number of individuals		Stage 1	Stage 2						Stage 3
			F−1	F−0	1–1	2–1	2–2	2–3	2–4	2–5	2–6	3–1	3–2	3–3
1	Lestidae	Lestes sponsa	1	1	×	△(*2)	○	○	○	×	–	○	×	×
2	Lestidae	Lestes temporalis	1	5	×	△(*2)	○	○	○	×	–	○	×	×
3	Calopterygidae	Mnais costalis	0	6	×	△(*2)	○	○	×	×	–	○	○	×
4	Calopterygidae	Calopteryx japonica	0	1	×	△(*2)	○	○	○	×	–	○	○	○
5	(family status uncertain)	Rhipidolestes hiraoi	0	3	×	–	○	○	×	×	–	○	○	×
6	Platycnemididae	Pseudocopera annulata	0	4	×	△(*2)	○	○	○	×	–	○	○	○
7	Coenagrionidae	Paracercion calamorum	4	7	×	○	○	○	○	×	–	○	○	○
8	Coenagrionidae	Paracercion hieroglyphicum	0	3	×	○	○	○	○	×	–	○	○	○
9	Coenagrionidae	Paracercion sieboldii	1	3	×	○	○	○	○	×	–	○	○	○
10	Coenagrionidae	Paracercion melanotum	0	2	×	○	○	○	○	×	△(*3)	○	○	○
11	Coenagrionidae	Agriocnemis pygmaea	0	1	×	○	○	×	○	×	–	○	○	○
12	Coenagrionidae	Mortonagrion selenion	0	1	×	○	○	×	○	×	–	○	–	–
13	Coenagrionidae	Enallagma circulatum	1	5	×	○	○	○	○	×	–	○	○	○
14	Coenagrionidae	Ischnura senegalensis	0	2	×	○	○	×	○	×	×	○	○	○
15	Coenagrionidae	Ischnura asiatica	0	3	×	○	○	△(*3)	○	×	–	○	○	○
Ref.1	Coenagrionidae	Ischnura senegalensis	3	6	×	○	○	×	○	×	–	○	○	○
Ref.2	Coenagrionidae	Ischnura elegans x I. senegalensis	4	6	×	○	○	×	○	×	–	○	○	○
16	Epiophlebiidae	Epiophlebia superstes	0	2	×	×	○	×	×	×	–	×	×	×
17	Aeshnidae	Boyeria maclachlani	0	2	×	×	○	×	×	○	–	×	○	×
18	Aeshnidae	Planaeschna milnei	0	3	×	×	○	△(*3)	×	○	–	○	○	×
19	Aeshnidae	Gynacantha japonica	1	4	×	×	○	○	×	○	–	×	○	×
20	Aeshnidae	Aeshna crenata	0	4	×	×	○	○	×	○	–	○	○	×
21	Aeshnidae	Aeshna juncea	0	1	×	×	○	○	×	○	–	○	○	×
22	Aeshnidae	Anax ephippiger	4	5	×	×	○	×	×	○	○	×	○	○
23	Aeshnidae	Anax parthenope	1	1	×	×	○	△(*3)	×	○	–	×	○	○
24	Aeshnidae	Anax nigrofasciatus	1	1	×	×	○	△(*3)	×	○	–	○	○	×
25	Gomphidae	Sieboldius albardae	0	3	△(*1)	×	○	×	×	×	–	×	○	×
26	Gomphidae	Melligomphus viridicostus	0	3	△(*1)	×	○	○	×	×	–	○	○	×
27	Gomphidae	Nihonogomphus viridis	0	1	△(*1)	×	○	○	×	×	–	○	○	×
28	Gomphidae	Davidius nanus	0	5	△(*1)	×	○	○	×	×	–	○	○	×
29	Gomphidae	Sinogomphus flavolimbatus	0	2	△(*1)	×	○	×	×	×	–	×	×	×
30	Gomphidae	Stylogomphus suzukii	0	4	△(*1)	×	○	○	×	×	–	○	○	×
31	Gomphidae	Asiagomphus melaenops	0	4	△(*1)	×	○	×	×	×	–	○	○	×
32	Petaluridae	Tanypteryx pryeri	0	4	×	×	○	×	×	×	×	×	○	×
33	Chlorogomphidae	Chlorogomphus brunneus	0	1	△(*1)	×	○	×	×	×	○	○	○	×
34	Cordulegastridae	Anotogaster sieboldii	0	4	△(*1)	×	○	×	×	×	–	○	○	×
35	Macromiidae	Macromia daimoji	0	3	△(*1)	×	○	○	×	×	–	○	○	×
36	Corduliidae	Epitheca bimaculata	0	1	–	×	○	×	×	×	–	○	○	×
37	Corduliidae	Somatochlora uchidai	0	6	△(*1)	×	○	○	×	×	–	○	○	×
38	Libellulidae	Rhyothemis fuliginosa	0	7	△(*1)	×	○	○	×	×	–	○	○	○
39	Libellulidae	Sympetrum darwinianum	0	3	○	×	○	○	×	○	○	○	○	○
40	Libellulidae	Sympetrum maculatum	0	4	○	×	○	○	×	○	○	○	○	○
41	Libellulidae	Sympetrum infuscatum	0	3	○	×	○	○	×	○	–	○	○	○
42	Libellulidae	Sympetrum frequens	0	1	○	×	○	○	×	○	–	○	○	○
43	Libellulidae	Sympetrum kunckeli	0	3	○	×	○	○	×	○	–	○	○	○
44	Libellulidae	Sympetrum uniforme	3	3	○	×	○	○	×	○	–	×	○	○
45	Libellulidae	Pseudothemis zonata	0	4	△(*1)	×	○	×	×	○	–	×	○	○
46	Libellulidae	Deielia phaon	0	1	○	×	○	×	×	×	–	×	○	○
47	Libellulidae	Acisoma panorpoides	0	1	△(*1)	×	○	×	×	○	–	○	○	○
48	Libellulidae	Crocothemis servlia	1	5	○	×	○	○	×	○	–	○	○	○
49	Libellulidae	Orthetrum albistylum	3	5	○	×	○	×	×	×	–	○	○	×

○: Clearly observed.
△(*1): Difficult to determine the start point when the newly formed regions appear.
△(*2): Gradually expand since stage 1.
△(*3): Difficult to detect in some individuals.
×: Undetectable.
Ref. 1: Okude et al.¹² (Ischnura senegalensis, Coenagrionidae). Ref. 2: Okude et al.¹³ (hybrids of I. elegans and I. senegalensis).

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Table 1 Interspecific diversity of morphological changes during F−0 instar larvae of 49 species in this study and the additional two species from other references.

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