Figure 3

Informant rated executive functions. (a) BRIEF-P results for children with DS younger than 8 years (n = 49) Normative data (n = 1747, age 2–5 years) from Gioia et al.^17,18. b) Parent’s version of the BRIEF for children of 8 years and older with DS (n = 89). Normative data (n = 3333, age 5–17 years) from Huizinga et al.^20,21. c) Teacher’s version of the BRIEF for children of 8 years and older with DS (n = 39). Normative data (n = 941, age 5–11 years) from Huizinga et al.^20,21. Data of children with DS are typically above the norm indicating that children with DS scored poorer on this executive functions scale. Blue bullets: Measured boys with DS (BRIEF-P n = 27, BRIEF parents’ version n = 22, teachers’ version n = 18). Red bullets: Measured girls with DS (BRIEF-P n = 22, BRIEF parents’ version n = 28, teachers’ version n = 21). Green curve: Loess line fitted to the data from ratings on children with DS pooled across boys and girls. Blue curve: Norm scores (mean) of typically developing boys. Red curve: Norm scores (mean) of typically developing girls. Light blue dashed lines: upper and lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of norm scores of typically developing boys. Pink dashed lines: upper and lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of norm scores of typically developing girls.