Table 3 Combined risk of glaucoma according to subjective depressive symptom and clinically diagnosed depressive disorder.

From: Effect of depressive symptom and depressive disorder on glaucoma incidence in elderly

Group

Subjective depressive symptom*

Clinically diagnosed depressive disorder

N

Glaucoma

N (%)

Duration (person years)

IR per 1000

HR (95% C.I)

Model 1

Model 2

No depression

No

No

731,133

20,910 (2.86)

3,791,759.22

5.51459

1 (ref.)

1 (ref.)

Depression

Yes

No

161,823

5,296 (3.27)

862,540.28

6.14

1.101 (1.068,1.135)

1.094 (1.062,1.128)

No

Yes

21,580

749 (3.47)

109,279.6

6.85398

1.247 (1.159,1.342)

1.225 (1.139,1.319)

   No recur

15,451

510 (3.30)

78,575.44

6.49058

1.179 (1.079,1.288)

1.162 (1.064,1.27)

   Recur

6,129

239 (3.90)

30,704.16

7.78396

1.421 (1.251,1.615)

1.383 (1.217,1.572)

Yes

Yes

8,233

331 (4.02)

42,683.51

7.75475

1.405 (1.26,1.567)

1.361 (1.220,1.518)

   No recur

5,471

203 (3.71)

28,545.44

7.11147

1.283 (1.117,1.474)

1.247 (1.085,1.433)

   Recur

2,762

128 (4.63)

14,138.07

9.05357

1.648 (1.385,1.961)

1.585 (1.331,1.888)

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age and gender.
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, smoking, drinking, exercise, income, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
  3. IR: incidence rate.
  4. * At least one of the three depressive symptoms from the Geriatric Depression Scale.