Figure 2

Behavioural changes after lesion and post rTMS treatment. Medians and interquartile ranges for the relative withdrawal threshold of the affected side (contralateral to the lesion) against the unaffected side (ipsilateral to the lesion) are shown. (a,c) The changes in relative withdrawal latency to mechanical (black) and thermal stimulation (red: hot, blue: cold) are shown before and after lesion induction for monkey 1 (a) and monkey 2 (c). After 14 weeks following the injection, the relative withdrawal latency for all stimulations significantly decreased relative to those before the injection. (b,d) Comparison of the withdrawal thresholds for the prelesion baseline, CPSP condition, and after rTMS treatment for monkey 1 (b) and monkey 2 (d). After the rTMS treatment, the reductions were recovered to the baseline without monkey 2 against hot stimulation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, based on Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc analysis (a,c), and based on Wilcoxon signed-rank test (b,d). CPSP central poststroke pain, rTMS repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.