Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Enhanced interactions of Kuroshio Extension with tropical Pacific in a changing climate

Figure 1

The preferred spectral peak of the KE index and diagram of the proposed hypothesis for generating decadal KE variability. (a) Power Spectrum as a function of the SSH-based KE index period (year) from the observations and HRC with 95% significance levels. (b) Internal air-sea coupled KE system (KE → KE downstream response → PDO/ NPGO → KE, hypothesis 117), Pacific Decadal Precession KE system (KE → north–south teleconnection phase → east–west teleconnection phase → KE, hypothesis 219, and extratropical-tropical coupled KE system (KE → KE downstream response → PMM/CP-ENSO → NPGO/PDO → KE, hypothesis 320).

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