Figure 4
From: Egoistic punishment outcompetes altruistic punishment in the spatial public goods game
The levels of cooperation as a function of punishment cost (\(\alpha\)) and punishment fine (\(\beta\)) at \(r = 2.0,3.5,3.8\),and 4.0 in four punishment mechanisms. From top to bottom, each row of graphs represents EI, AI, EP, and AP mechanisms, respectively. From left to right, each column represents \(r = 2.0,3.5,3.8\), and 4.0. Results show egoistic punishment preforms better than altruistic punishment. EP can maintain a high level of cooperation, while EI can promote cooperation within a larger range of parameters for \(r \le 3.5\).
