Table 1 Demographic/sleep parameters and cognitive function in both sexes.

From: Effects of long sleep time and irregular sleep–wake rhythm on cognitive function in older people

 

Total (n = 63)

Men (n = 39)

Women (n = 24)

p

Demographics

Age (years)

70.4 ± 4.8

70.0 ± 4.1

71.2 ± 5.9

0.347

Height (cm)

160.9 ± 8.4

166.2 ± 5.4

152.3 ± 4.5

< 0.001

Weight (kg)

59.8 ± 9.9

64.4 ± 8.2

52.4 ± 7.8

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

23.1 ± 3.1

23.4 ± 3.1

22.6 ± 3.2

0.351

Risk factors

Smoking (%)

14.3

23.1

0.0

0.011

Alcohol intake (%)

41.3

59.0

12.5

< 0.001

Hypertension (%)

69.8

71.8

66.7

0.667

Diabetes mellitus (%)

6.3

2.6

12.5

0.116

Hyperlipidaemia (%)

25.4

12.8

45.8

0.003

Sleep tests

Questionnaires

Epworth sleepiness scale

5.8 ± 4.1

5.6 ± 4.1

6.1 ± 4.2

0.634

Pittsburgh sleep quality index

5.3 ± 3.0

5.3 ± 3.2

5.2 ± 2.5

0.856

Actigraphy

TST (min)

441.6 ± 74.8

452.4 ± 79.8

424.1 ± 63.5

0.146

Sleep efficiency (%)

91.7 ± 7.8

90.2 ± 8.9

94.2 ± 4.9

0.023

WASO (min)

38.9 ± 41.2

47.1 ± 47.2

25.6 ± 24.7

0.021

Bedtime

22:50 ± 01:14

22:45 ± 01:25

22:57 ± 00:52

0.476

Wake-up time

06:10 ± 01:11

06:16 ± 01:14

06:00 ± 01:07

0.385

Sleep timing

02:30 ± 01:02

02:31 ± 01:09

02:29 ± 00:51

0.905

SD of sleep timing (min)

28.7 ± 12.6

28.5 ± 12.8

29.2 ± 12.6

0.834

Home sleep apnoea test

AHI (/h)

10.0 ± 9.6

11.3 ± 10.9

8.1 ± 6.7

0.160

Minimum SpO2 (%)

86.0 ± 5.2

86.0 ± 5.3

86.0 ± 5.2

0.994

Cognitive function tests

HDS-R score

28.0 ± 2.2

27.5 ± 2.3

28.9 ± 1.5

0.005

TMT-B (s)

109.1 ± 36.8

107.4 ± 38.6

111.9 ± 34.4

0.643

WCST

Category achievement

4.8 ± 1.1

5.0 ± 1.0

4.6 ± 1.4

0.240

Total errors

14.6 ± 4.5

13.8 ± 3.3

15.8 ± 5.8

0.084

N-back task

0-back task

% correct

97.1 ± 4.7

96.8 ± 4.5

97.6 ± 5.0

0.494

Reaction time (ms)

697.8 ± 110.3

707.6 ± 110.9

681.9 ± 109.7

0.372

1-back task

% correct

74.5 ± 20.5

76.3 ± 21.2

71.6 ± 19.4

0.376

Reaction time (ms)

954.9 ± 226.5

945.7 ± 237.2

969.8 ± 212.0

0.684

  1. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.
  2. BMI body mass index, TST total sleep time, WASO wake after sleep onset, SD standard deviation, AHI apnoea–hypopnea index, HDS-R revised Hasegawa’s dementia scale, TMT-B trail making test B, WCST Wisconsin card sorting test.
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