Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Quercetin can reduce viral RNA level of O’nyong-nyong virus and resulting innate immune cytokine responses in cultured human synovial fibroblasts

Figure 2

Concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects of phenolics or ONNV on cultured HSF cells. Cells were infected by ONNV (MOI 10–3 to 1) or phenolics (1 to 100 µM) for 24 h. Released LDH in culture medium was measured using a colorimetric-based method (CytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay) and expressed relative to the maximum release by application of a lysis buffer (Triton 1%). Reported values are means ± SEM of three independent experiments and p value was calculated using the Bonferroni multiple comparison test (**p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001) with untreated cells (CTRL).

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