Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of study participants.

From: Caring for caregivers: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on those responsible for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

 

Total (n = 764)

Non-diabetes group (n = 383)

Diabetes group (n = 381)

P value

Age (years)

39.9 ± 8.5

39.5 ± 9.0

40.3 ± 8.0

0.201

Sex (% female)

95.2%

95.0%

95.3%

0.879

Race/ethnicity (% white)

78.3%

87.7%

68.8%

 < 0.001

Lower-middle income* (%)

47.8%

41.5%

54.1%

0.001

Parentage (% mother)

89.1%

88.5%

89.8%

0.166

Age of the child (years)

10.0 ± 4.9

8.1 ± 4.7

11.8 ± 4.3

 < 0.001

Chronic illness in the child (%)

64.1%

28.5%

100%

 < 0.001

Age of the child at diagnosis (years)

6.0 ± 4.4**

2.9 ± 3.4**

6.9 ± 4.3

 < 0.001

Disease duration (years)

5.1 ± 4.0**

5.7 ± 4.3**

5.0 ± 3.8

0.096

Continuous-use medication (%)

57.5%

15.1%

100%

 < 0.001

  1. Data are mean ± standard deviation or %. α ≤ 0.05 indicates significant difference. *Family that receives a total of less than 2564 reais per month, as defined by the Strategic Affairs Secretariat (SAE) of Brazil in 2012, equivalent to 495.8 dollars or 430 euros. **Data included only participants in the non-diabetes group who have some chronic disease.
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