Table 3 Subgroup analysis to assess predictors of risk of diabetes-specific emotional burden during the COVID-19 pandemic among guardians of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

From: Caring for caregivers: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on those responsible for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Subgroup

Care sharing

Support

Appreciation

Exhaustion

Guilt

Age (participant) > 30 years old

0.98 (0.91–1.05)

0.97 (0.90–1.05)

0.94 (0.88–1.01)

1.01 (0.94–1.08)

0.99 (0.91–1.06)

Age (child) > 8 years old

1.00 (0.89–1.13)

0.95 (0.84–1.09)

1.02 (0.90–1.15)

0.98 (0.87–1.11)

0.87 (0.77–0.99)

Race/ethnicity not white

0.75 (0.47–1.21)

0.76 (0.47–1.24)

0.76 (0.47–1.23)

0.78 (0.49–1.26)

1.69 (0.99–2.88)

Diabetes duration > 5 years

1.17 (0.89–1.54)

1.06 (0.80–1.40)

1.19 (0.90–1.56)

1.04 (0.79–1.36)

0.87 (0.64–1.17)

HbA1c > 7.5%

1.22 (1.02–1.47)

1.16 (0.97–1.40)

1.21 (1.01–1.45)

0.96 (0.80–1.15)

1.00 (0.80–1.24)

Quality of relationships unsatisfactory

2.07 (1.29–3.33)

3.38 (2.07–5.52)

2.64 (1.61–4.33)

1.63 (1.01–2.63)

1.11 (0.63–1.95)

Family atmosphere not welcoming

3.76 (1.62–8.75)

13.04 (3.99–42.63)

10.19 (3.11–33.37)

2.75 (1.18–6.41)

1.69 (0.60–4.76)

Child full time at home

0.96 (0.88–1.05)

0.99 (0.90–1.08)

1.00 (0.91–1.09)

1.00 (0.91–1.09)

1.02 (0.92–1.14)

Purchase conditions reduced

1.39 (1.06–1.83)

1.49 (1.14–1.95)

1.71 (1.30–2.26)

1.28 (0.97–1.68)

0.86 (0.64–1.16)

Positive screening for mental health disorders

1.48 (1.29–1.70)

1.43 (1.25–1.63)

1.44 (1.25–1.66)

1.58 (1.36–1.85)

1.60 (1.25–2.04)

  1. Data are odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI and represent the likelihood of subgroups of interest present diabetes-specific emotional burden in the respective domains related to the diabetes care. For each subgroup, the OR was calculated for the subgroup of interest versus the opposite group (eg, family atmosphere not welcoming vs. welcoming). Only participants of diabetes group were included. In bold, the subgroups that presented significantly higher (> 1.00) or lower (< 1.00) likelihood for presenting diabetes-specific emotional burden in the respective domain in relation to the opposite group.
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