Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics for hospitalized COVID-19 positive patient, comparing prisoners to non-prisoners.

From: Characteristics and comparative clinical outcomes of prisoner versus non-prisoner populations hospitalized with COVID-19

 

Prisoners (N = 108)

Non-prisoners (N = 598)

p value

Male, n. (%)

106 (98.2%)

293 (49.0%)

 < 0.001

Age, yearsa

61.2 ± 12.5

67.7 ± 16.5

 < 0.001

Age > 65 years

40 (37.0%)

337 (56.4%)

 < 0.001

Body mass index (BMI), kg/m2

29.5 ± 5.8

30.4 ± 7.9

0.15

Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)

45 (41.7%)

276/595 (46.4%)

0.37

Morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40)

5 (4.6%)

70/595 (11.8%)

0.03

Racea

 Caucasian

47 (43.5%)

285/583 (48.9%)

0.31

 Black

54 (50.0%)

252/583 (43.2%)

 Others

7 (6.5%)

46/583 (7.9%)

Smoking statusa

 Non-smoker

19/96 (19.8%)

355/569 (62.4%)

 < 0.001

 Active smoker

3/96 (3.1%)

25/569 (4.4%)

 Former smoker

74/96 (77.1%)

189/569 (33.2%)

Hypertensionb

76 (70.4%)

438 (73.2%)

0.54

Dyslipidemiab

54 (50.0%)

347 (58.0%)

0.12

Coronary artery diseaseb

20 (18.5%)

117 (19.6%)

0.80

History of myocardial infarctionb

15 (13.9%)

52 (8.7%)

0.09

History of congestive heart failureb

16 (14.8%)

98 (16.4%)

0.68

Peripheral vascular diseaseb

9 (8.3%)

38 (6.4%)

0.45

Cerebrovascular diseaseb

10 (9.3%)

70 (11.7%)

0.46

Chronic liver diseaseb

2 (1.9%)

14 (2.3%)

0.75

Chronic kidney diseaseb

11 (10.2%)

143 (23.9%)

0.002

 Dialysis dependent

1 (0.9%)

14 (2.3%)

0.35

 Kidney transplant

0 (0.0%)

6 (1.0%)

0.30

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)b

39 (36.1%)

199 (33.3%)

0.53

 Insulin-dependent DM

14 (12.9%)

51 (8.5%)

0.14

 Complicated DM*

5 (4.6%)

68 (11.4%)

0.04

Malignancyb

10 (9.3%)

22 (3.7%)

0.01

 Solid tumors

8 (7.4%)

15 (2.5%)

0.01

 Leukemia/lymphoma

3 (2.8%)

7 (1.2%)

0.13

Dementiab

2 (1.9%)

108 (18.1%)

 < 0.001

Hemiplegiab

1 (0.9%)

16 (2.7%)

0.28

HIVb,c

3 (2.8%)

3 (0.5%)

0.02

Hepatitis Cb

4 (3.7%)

6 (1.0%)

0.03

Chronic lung diseaseb

 COPDb,c

40 (37.0%)

63 (10.5%)

 < 0.001

 Asthma

10 (9.3%)

65 (10.9%)

0.61

 Sleep apnea

6 (5.6%)

73 (12.2%)

0.04

 Interstitial lung disease

0 (0.0%)

7 (1.2%)

0.26

 Pulmonary sarcoidosis

0 (0.0%)

5 (0.8%)

0.34

 Oxygen dependent

6 (5.6%)

25 (4.2%)

0.52

CCI score

1.85 ± 2.02

1.57 ± 1.79

0.17

  1. Bold values indicates clinically significant p values (p value < 0.05).
  2. aPlus–minus values indicate means ± standard deviation (SD). Data for race and smoking status were missing for 15 and 41 patients, respectively. Race and smoking status were self-reported by the patients.
  3. bAbsence of diagnoses recorded in the medical record was assumed to mean absence of the conditions.
  4. cHIV denotes Human Immunodeficiency Virus; COPD denotes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Back to article page