Table 2 Serum Zn concentrations and prevalence of deficiency by study characteristics in the Ethiopian National Micronutrient Survey (ENMS).

Characteristics	Serum Zn (µg dL⁻¹)^a					Prevalence of serum Zn deficiency (%)^b
	Unadjusted			Adjusted		Prevalence of serum Zn deficiency (%)^b
	N	Mean^a	Median^a	Mean^a	Median^a	Unadjusted^c	Adjusted^c
Regions
Addis Ababa	148	67.5	67.9	68.2	68.3	27.2	25.4
Afar	270	59.2	58.6	60.1	59.4	63.2	61.0
Amhara	481	57.6	57.4	58.6	58.1	74.1	71.5
Benishangul-Gumuz	210	57.7	57.6	58.9	58.5	69.9	65.7
Dire Dawa	160	60.9	60.8	61.9	61.7	66.4	64.0
Gambela	192	59.3	58.3	60.4	59.3	64.5	63.2
Harari	168	56.4	55.7	57.3	56.9	71.8	69.7
Oromia	517	54.8	54.5	56.1	55.6	80.0	76.7
SNNPR	392	57.0	57.3	58.4	58.8	73.3	69.8
Somali	193	60.5	59.7	61.8	60.9	66.5	63.8
Tigray	333	54.8	54.0	55.6	55.2	78.5	75.5
National	3,064	56.5	56.2	57.7	57.5	75.1	72.1
Demographic group
Young children	519	47.2	46.1	48.6	47.1	92.1	89.3
School age children	962	56.1	55.9	57.9	57.8	75.8	71.0
Men	402	60.4	61.1	62.0	62.6	73.9	69.5
Women of reproductive age	1,181	59.8	59.6	60.2	60.0	67.3	66.2
Residence
Urban	768	61.8	61.7	62.8	62.7	58.1	55.3
Rural	2,296	55.6	55.4	56.9	56.7	78.0	74.9
Household head education
Educated	1,499	57.6	57.6	58.8	58.7	72.5	69.7
Illiterate	1,565	55.7	55.5	56.8	56.6	77.3	74.1
Inflammation stage
No inflammation	2,123	57.3	57.0	57.9	57.7	72.9	71.4
Incubation	70	56.8	59.4	58.2	60.1	78.2	72.7
Early convalescence	262	53.6	54.8	55.9	56.9	78.2	74.4
Late convalescence	609	55.2	54.3	57.5	56.9	80.7	73.6

^aThe estimation was weighted using the ENMS sampling weight factor.
^bZn deficiency was defined based on serum Zn considering age, sex, fasting status and time of blood collection¹⁰.
^cBRINDA internal regression correction approach, which accounts for both CRP and AGP, was applied to calculate the prevalence of Zn deficiency (Namaste et al. 2017)²².

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