Table 1 Characteristics of HD patients.
Variables tested in both groups | Patients genotyped for PON1 SNVs (n = 1407) | Patients tested for PON1 activity (n = 93) | P-valuea | Variables tested in one group | Patients tested for PON1 activity (n = 93) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical data | Clinical and laboratory data | ||||
Male sex (n, %) | 782 (55.6%) | 55 (59.1%) | 0.520 | Living in the rural area (n, %) | 27 (29.0) |
Age (years) | 67.0 (11.9–96.1) | 66.7 (18.3–86.2) | 0.231 | LF-HD (n, %) | 78 (83.9%) |
RRT duration (years) | 5.8 (0.01–34.0) | 3.9 (0.2–22.3) | 0.00003 | Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 113.3 (60–166.7) |
Diabetic nephropathy (n, %) | 405 (28.8%) | 19 (20.4%) | 0.096 | Cigarette smoking (n, %) | 9 (9.7%) |
Coronary heart disease (n, %) | 542 (38.5% of 1406) | 25 (26.9%) | 0.027 | Urine output (mL/day) | 600 (0–2100) |
Myocardial infarction (n, %) | 299 (21.3% of 1406) | 15 (16.1%) | 0.292 | Treatment with antihypertensive drugs (n, %) | 43 (46.2%) |
Ischemic cerebral stroke (n, %) | 256 (19.2%) of 1335 | 9 (9.7) | 0.026 | Treatment with phosphate binding agents (n, %) | 79 (84.9%) |
Dry body mass (kg), n = 1235 | 71.5 (31.0–196.0) | 81.0 (44.4–144.0) | 0.000001 | Treatment with vitamin D or vitamin D analogs (n, %) | 7 (7.5%) |
Body mass index (kg/m2)b | 25.5 (14.3–59.2) n = 1230 | 26.7 (17.8–51.0) | 0.010 | Parathyroidectomy (n, %) | 1 (1.1%) |
Lipid-modifying treatment (n, %) statins (n, %) fibrates (n, %) statins and fibrates (n, %) ezetimibe (n, %) statins + ezetimibe (n, %) | 582 (44.3% of 1314) 533 (91.6% of 582) 36 (6.2% of 582) 10 (1.7% of 582) 1 (0.2% of 582) 2 (0.3% of 582) | 24 (25.8% of 93) 23 (95.8% of 24) 1 (4.2% of 24) 0 0 0 | 0.0002 0.712 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 | Treatment with ESA (n, %) | 66 (71.0) |
ESA dose (µg/kg/week) | 90 (0–530) | ||||
Type of dyslipidaemia by K/DOQI | Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.4 ± 1.3 | |||
Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemic (n, %) | 388 of 1264 (30.7% ) | 39 of 93 (41.9%) | 0.028 | Treatment with cinacalcet (n, %) | 6 (6.5%) |
Hyper-TG/hyper-non-HDL-cholesterolemic (n, %) | 79 of 1264 (6.2% ) | 5 of 93 (5.4%) | 1.000 | Vitamin C supplementation (n, %) | 2 (2.2%) |
Mixed (n, %) | 186 of 1264 (14.7% ) | 14 of 93 (15.1%) | 0.545 | Zinc supplementation (n, %) | 3 (3.2%) |
Non-dyslipidemic (n, %) | 610 of 1264 (48.3% ) | 35 of 93 (37.6%) | 0.053 | Green tea intake (n, %) | 4 (4.3%) |
Atherogenic dyslipidaemia (n, %) | 459 of 1264 (36.3% ) | 39 of 93 (41.9%) | 0.316 | PON1 activity (U/L) | 101.0 (27.7–212.9) |
Laboratory data | PON1/HDL-cholesterol ratio | 2.27 (0.57–7.10) | |||
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 170.2 (51–626) | 183 (83–626) | 0.170 | Creatinine (mg/dL) | 5.7 (1.9–14.4) |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 40 (5–146.8) | 44.4 ± 11.7 | 0.044 | Urea (mg/dL) | 106 (41–270) |
LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 95.9 (13.3–512) | 104 (35–512) | 0.012 | C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 4.3 (0.3–79.3) |
TG (mg/dL) | 146.4 (29.8–1363) | 157 (65–460) | 0.291 | Albumin (mg/dL) | 4.1 (2.6–4.7) |
Non-HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 128 (8–593) | 135 (41–593) | 0.346 | Total calcium (mg/dL) | 8.8 (6.8–12.5) |
LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio | 2.38 (0.21–15.52) | 2.35 (0.680–15.52) | 0.699 | Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.85 (2.32–10.52) |
HDL/TC ratio | 0.249 (0.045–0.906) | 0.250 (0.053–0.530) | 0.430 | Total ALP (IU/L) | 93 (24–321) |
TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio | 3.60 (0.44–49.71) | 3.42 (1.06–17.04) | 0.717 | Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) | 280 (7.3–1783.8) |
