Table 1 Physiological and pathological shear rate ranges of in vivo circulating blood.

Healthy vessel

Arteries

5–36^17,18,19

300–800^18,20

Veins

1–6^17,21,22

15–200^18,20

Microvessels

20–80²¹

450–1800^18,20

Concentric stenosis

Atherosclerotic plaque

36–6,000^23,24

800–10,000^18,20,25

Eccentric stenosis

Occlusive thrombus

36–450¹⁷

5,000–400,000²⁵

Coronary stent

0–40^17,26

0–11,000²⁷

Catheter insertion

0–20,000^17,28

 > 10,000²⁹