Table 3 Mean (SD) of group demographics and absolute metabolite concentrations.

From: Bilingualism is a long-term cognitively challenging experience that modulates metabolite concentrations in the healthy brain

 

Bilingual

Monolingual

Age (years)

42.12 (15.64)

41.28 (21.45)

L2_Home

2.59 (4.51)

− 12.76 (2.11)

L2_Social

50.44 (9.89)

− 6.39 (2.30)

LSBQ composite

15.78 (3.85)

− 6.09 (1.31)

INS (Mol/L)

4.83 (1.00)

4.32 (1.03)

NAA (Mol/L)

7.60 (0.98)

8.10 (1.01)

CHO (Mol/L)

1.79 (0.22)

1.72 (0.26)

GLX (Mol/L)

12.45 (2.47)

11.83 (3.01)

CRE (Mol/L)

5.99 (0.80)

5.84 (1.21)

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