Table 1 Characteristics of participants.

From: Comparison of three different types of exercises for selective contractions of supra- and infrahyoid muscles

 

Healthy participants

Patients with swallowing difficulty

Number

25

20

Sex ratio (M:F)

21:4

12:8

Age (years)

29.9 ± 4.1

70.6 ± 9.0

Duration (months)

 

6.2 ± 4.5

Cause of dysphagia

 

Hemispheric stroke (n = 14)

  

(SICH = 1, infarction = 13)

  

brainstem stroke (n = 5)

  

(SICH = 1, infarction = 4)

  

TSAH (n = 1)

Symptoms of dysphagia

 

Protective cough with eating (n = 20)

  

Food sticking in throat (n = 10)

  

Drooling (n = 3)

  

Having a wet or weak voice (n = 6)

  

Globus sensation (n = 10)

  

Difficulty chewing (n = 7)

  1. Mean ± standard deviation, M:F; male:female, TSAH; traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, SICH; spontaneous intra-cerebral hemorrhage.
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