Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Caffeine protects against stress-induced murine depression through activation of PPARγC1α-mediated restoration of the kynurenine pathway in the skeletal muscle

Figure 4

Caffeine induction of both KATs and PGC-1α in myotubes. C2C12 myotubes were incubated with various doses (a) or 400 μg/mL (c,d) of caffeine, for various durations (c) or 24 h (a,b), and cell lysates were prepared for western blotting analysis of KAT1 and β-actin (a,c). KAT1 images were normalised to the transcript level of the individual β-actin, and the relative ratio to that of the control (0 min) was calculated (b,d). Data are shown as mean ± SEM of the triplicate experiments. Similar results were obtained in three independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.

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