Table 1 Biological role of 12 genes.
Gene symbol | ECM conf. value | Role in tumorigenesis | References |
|---|---|---|---|
NUDT1 (Nudix Hydrolase 1) | 3 | NUDT1 enzyme removes oxidized nucleotide pools and prevents its subsequent misincorporation into DNA. Its higher expression has been associated with several cancers including renal cancer, brain, lung, and liver cancer | |
SIGLEC1 (Sialic Acid Binding Ig Like Lectin 1) | 5 | SIGLEC1 expressing cells, like macrophages provide anchorage for metastatic cells. SIGLEC1 overexpression has been associated with poorer survival in several cancers | |
LRP1 (LDL Receptor Related Protein ) | 3 | LRP1 plays a significant role in the endocytosis of lipoproteins. LRP1 overexpression has been associated with invasion and migration of tumor cells | |
LOXL2 (Lysyl Oxidase Like 2) | 5 | LOXL2 is part of extracellular enzyme family which cross-links elastin and fibrillar collagen. LOXL2 overexpression has been associated with several cancers including breast, gastric, colon, esophageal and pancreatic cancer | |
SERPINE1 (Serpin Family E Member 1) | 5 | SERPINE1 is an inhibitor of urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. It is associated with poorer prognosis in several cancer including stomach, head and neck, sarcoma, urothelial and testicular cancer | |
PLOD3 (Procollagen-Lysine,2-Oxoglutarate 5-Dioxygenase 3) | 5 | PLOD enzymes perform Lysyl hydroxylation of collagen. PLOD3 also performs glycosylation activity of collagen hydroxylysines. Higher expression of PLOD3 has been associated with several cancers | |
ZP3 (Zona Pellucida Glycoprotein 3) | 5 | ZP3 was found to be part of core secretome signature across multiple cancer types | |
RARRES2 (Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 2) | 5 | RARRES2 is secreted ligand for CMKLR1 expressing immune cells. Its expression is associated with the chemoattraction of immune cells | |
TGM2 (Transglutaminase 2) | 5 | TGM2 assists in posttranslational modification of proteins. Its overexpression is involved in several cancers including pancreatic, prostate, ovarian and breast cancer | |
COL3A1 (Collagen Type III Alpha 1 Chain) | 5 | COL3A1 expresses components of fibrillar collagen which forms the skin and other tissues. Its over-expression in involved in multiple cancers | |
ANXA4 (Annexin A4) | 4 | Annexin A4 is calcium-regulated phospholipid-binding protein. ANXA4 upregulation is involved in multiple cancers and is a biomarker for drug resistance | |
POSTN (Periostin) | 5 | POSTN is a multimodular protein which interacts with ECM proteins such as tenascin C, collagen, and fibronectin. Its expression is deregulated in multiple pathologies including inflammation and malignant transformation |
