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Figure 2

From: Thymol nanoemulsion promoted broiler chicken’s growth, gastrointestinal barrier and bacterial community and conferred protection against Salmonella Typhimurium

Figure 2The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Real-time PCR analysis for occludin (a,b) junction adhesion molecule (JAM; c,d) zonula occludens (ZO-1; e,f) and claudins (CLDN-1; g,h) mRNAs expression in the cecal samples obtained from broilers fed a diet supplemented with different levels of thymol and thymol nanoemulsion preinfection (d 22) and 14 days postinfection (14 dpi) with S. Typhimurium. Data are presented as means ± SE. At d 22 preinfection: NC (negative control) = birds fed basal diet, thymol 0.25, 0.5 and 1% = birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% thymol, thymol nanoemulsion 0.25, 0.5 and 1% = birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% thymol nanoemulsion. At 14 dpi: NC (negative control): birds fed basal diet; PC (positive control): birds fed basal diet and challenged with S. Typhimurium at d 23 of age; thymol 0.25, 0.5 and 1%: birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% thymol; thymol nanoemulsion 0.25, 0.5 and 1%: birds fed basal diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.5 and 1% thymol nanoemulsion. All groups except NC group were challenged with S. Typhimurium at d 23 of age. a–eMeans within the same column carrying different superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05.

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