Table 4 Required specifications for RDE cycle and description of current RDE cycle.
From: WLTC and real-driving emissions for an autochthonous biofuel from wine-industry waste
Urban | Rural | Motorway | |
|---|---|---|---|
Distance (km), % of total distance (min–max) | |||
Requirement | > 16, 29–43% | > 16, 24–43% | > 16, 24–43% |
Current RDE cycle | 26.8, 36.0% | 23.0, 31.0% | 24.5, 33.0% |
Velocity (km/h) (min–max) | |||
Requirement | 0–60 | 60–90 | 90–145 |
Current RDE cycle | 0–53.3 | 21.6a–87.0 | 33.2a–122.2 |
Average velocity (km/h) | |||
Requirement | 15–40 | – | – |
Current RDE cycle | 24.3 | 74.5 | 105.5 |
Stops (% of urban time) | |||
Requirement | 6–30% | – | – |
Current RDE cycle | 15.1% | 0 | 0 |
Time (s) at > 100 km/h | |||
Requirement | – | – | > 300 |
Current RDE cycle | 0 | 0 | 712 |
RPA (m/s2) | |||
Requirement | > − 0.0016 \(\overline{v}\) + 0.1755, if \(\overline{v}\) < 94 km/h > 0.025, if \(\overline{v}\) > 94 km/h | ||
Current RDE cycle | 0.2295 | 0.1162 | 0.0864 |
v·a (95) (m2/s3) | |||
Requirement | < 0.136·\(\overline{v}\) + 14.44, if \(\overline{v}\) < 74.6 km/h < 0.0742·\(\overline{v}\) + 18.966, if \(\overline{v }\) > 74.6 km/h | ||
Current RDE cycle | 10.74 | 14.58 | 16.75 |
