Table 3 Sex differences in finger measurements and 2D:4D ratios for both hands in prepubertal, pubertal, young and older adults age cohorts.

From: Sex, population origin, age and average digit length as predictors of digit ratio in three large world populations

Age groups	Parameters	Sex	N	Mean	SD	t	Df	P	95% confidence interval of the difference		Cohen’s d
Age groups	Parameters	Sex	N	Mean	SD	t	Df	P	Lower	Upper	Cohen’s d
13 years and younger	Right 2D finger	Male	1033	60.217	6.989	−2.898	2164	0.004	−1.445	−0.278	0.125
	Right 2D finger	Female	1133	61.079	6.839
	Right 4D finger	Male	1032	62.884	7.082	0.861	2164	0.390	−0.328	0.842	0.037
	Right 4D finger	Female	1134	62.627	6.797
	Right average finger length	Male	1032	61.550	6.940	−1.046	2163	0.296	−0.884	0.269	0.045
	Right average finger length	Female	1133	61.858	6.729
	Right 2D:4D ratio	Male	1032	0.958	0.036	−11.506	2116	9.3041E−30	−0.020	−0.014	0.486
	Right 2D:4D ratio	Female	1133	0.975	0.034
	Left 2D finger	Male	937	60.668	7.245	−2.023	1912	0.043	−1.230	−0.020	0.092
	Left 2D finger	Female	977	61.328	7.028
	Left 4D finger	Male	934	63.245	7.189	1.335	1910	0.182	−0.202	1.064	0.061
	Left 4D finger	Female	978	62.814	6.927
	Left average finger length	Male	934	61.952	7.129	−0.358	1909	0.721	−0.745	0.515	0.017
	Left average finger length	Female	977	62.067	6.899
	Left 2D:4D ratio	Male	934	0.959	0.036	−10.886	1878	8.3729E−27	−0.020	−0.014	0.521
	Left 2D:4D ratio	Female	977	0.977	0.033
14–18 years old	Right 2D finger	Male	1418	69.382	6.810	11.224	2543	1.4456E−28	2.057	2.928	0.242
	Right 2D finger	Female	1369	66.890	4.771
	Right 4D finger	Male	1419	72.270	6.538	17.829	2556	4.1246E−67	3.393	4.231	0.673
	Right 4D finger	Female	1369	68.458	4.619
	Right average finger length	Male	1416	70.832	6.535	14.892	2523	3.8712E−48	2.746	3.579	0.563
	Right average finger length	Female	1368	67.670	4.520
	Right 2D:4D ratio	Male	1416	0.960	0.037	−12.335	2783	4.4591E−34	−0.020	−0.015	0.459
	Right 2D:4D ratio	Female	1369	0.977	0.037
	Left 2D finger	Male	1134	69.923	6.398	12.575	2057	5.3877E−35	2.480	3.397	0.402
	Left 2D finger	Female	1145	66.984	4.604
	Left 4D finger	Male	1134	72.569	6.302	17.778	2063	6.6686E−66	3.648	4.553	0.691
	Left 4D finger	Female	1144	68.469	4.559
	Left average finger length	Male	1134	71.246	6.226	15.544	2041	1.4072E−51	0.074	3.961	0.652
	Left average finger length	Female	1144	67.729	4.413
	Left 2D:4D ratio	Male	1134	0.964	0.034	−10.342	2276	1.5701E−24	−0.018	−0.012	0.428
	Left 2D:4D ratio	Female	1144	0.979	0.036
19–30 years old	Right 2D finger	Male	774	70.942	4.917	14.251	1587	1.8781E−43	3.066	4.045	0.715
	Right 2D finger	Female	815	67.387	5.022
	Right 4D finger	Male	772	73.667	5.149	21.093	1582	3.1447E−87	4.791	5.773	1.060
	Right 4D finger	Female	812	68.384	4.818
	Right average finger length	Male	678	72.279	4.824	18.212	1578	2.0334E−67	3.912	4.856	0.811
	Right average finger length	Female	812	67.895	4.743
	Right 2D:4D ratio	Male	768	0.963	0.038	−11.921	1578	1.9734E−31	−0.026	−0.019	0.605
	Right 2D:4D ratio	Female	812	0.986	0.038
	Left 2D finger	Male	661	70.341	5.270	9.508	1319	8.809E−21	2.127	3.233	0.531
	Left 2D finger	Female	665	67.662	4.989
	Left 4D finger	Male	660	72.916	5.700	12.953	1306	3.4355E−36	3.279	4.450	0.712
	Left 4D finger	Female	663	69.051	5.136
	Left average finger length	Male	659	71.632	5.313	11.589	1311	1.2304E−29	2.715	3.822	0.638
	Left average finger length	Female	662	68.363	4.930
	Left 2D:4D ratio	Male	659	0.966	0.038	−7.520	1300	1.0203E−13	−0.019	−0.011	0.388
	Left 2D:4D ratio	Female	662	0.980	0.033
31 years and older	Right 2D finger	Male	535	70.640	5.122	11.380	972	2.9648E−28	3.136	4.443	0.732
	Right 2D finger	Female	439	66.852	5.230
	Right 4D finger	Male	534	73.443	5.240	14.826	972	5.4974E−45	4.436	5.789	0.952
	Right 4D finger	Female	440	68.331	5.492
	Right average finger length	Male	524	71.974	4.983	13.433	959	8.102E−38	3.775	5.067
	Right average finger length	Female	437	67.553	5.196						0.868
	Right 2D:4D ratio	Male	524	0.963	0.037	−7.419	959	2.5935E−13	−0.022	0.013	0.472
	Right 2D:4D ratio	Female	437	0.980	0.035
	Left 2D finger	Male	542	69.814	5.938	4.134	988	0.000034	0.758	2.111	0.263
	Left 2D finger	Female	448	68.380	4.903
	Left 4D finger	Male	533	72.284	6.112	5.826	969	7.7021E−9	1.430	2.883	0.373
	Left 4D finger	Female	443	70.127	5.446
	Left average finger length	Male	529	71.013	5.878	5.088	969	4.3402E−7	1.093	2.466	0.326
	Left average finger length	Female	442	69.233	5.020
	Left 2D:4D ratio	Male	529	0.967	0.037	−3.555	969	0.000396	−0.013	−0.004	0.219
	Left 2D:4D ratio	Female	442	0.975	0.036

Sex differences presented according to Student’s T test (t test statistics, SD std. deviation, df degrees of freedom, p statistical significance).

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Table 3 Sex differences in finger measurements and 2D:4D ratios for both hands in prepubertal, pubertal, young and older adults age cohorts.

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