Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Tadalafil ameliorates bladder overactivity by restoring insulin-activated detrusor relaxation via the bladder mucosal IRS/PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway in fructose-fed rats

Figure 2

The response curves of relaxation of detrusor muscle in response to insulin (1–100 nM) stimulation in mucosa-intact (n = 8) (A), L-NAME-treated (n = 8) (B) and mucosa-denuded (n = 6) (C) bladder strips of control or fructose fed animals, alone or with addition of L-NAME, tadalafil or metformin. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 in comparison with the control group by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test, and ✝p < 0.05 in paired t-test. In all experiments, the bladder strips were pre-contracted by the incubation of KCl (80 mM). The means of KCl-induced contractility in the control group are 1.118 g/mm2 (A), 1.194 g/mm2 (B), and 1.095 g/mm2 (C), respectively.

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