Table 1 General characteristics of experimental animals.

From: Tadalafil ameliorates bladder overactivity by restoring insulin-activated detrusor relaxation via the bladder mucosal IRS/PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway in fructose-fed rats

 

Mean ± SEM

C

F

F/T

F/M

General characteristics

Body weight (g)

284.5 ± 2.8

289.5 ± 2.7

283.2 ± 5.1

282.2 ± 2.9

Bladder weight (mg)

102.5 ± 2.6

104.5 ± 2.5

104.1 ± 3

105.1 ± 3.9

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

123.1 ± 3.8

150.7 ± 3.5*

144.3 ± 2.9*

145.4 ± 2.6*

Fasting biochemistry parameters

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

39.4 ± 1.5

72.4 ± 3.98*

54.4 ± 4.69*

61.1 ± 4.1*

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

61.1 ± 2.6

82.6 ± 1.1*

73.9 ± 2.8*

79.1 ± 1.85*

Creatinine (mg/dl)

0.61 ± 0.01

0.63 ± 0.03

0.69 ± 0.05

0.57 ± 0.01

Uric acid (mg/dl)

1.4 ± 0.04

1.77 ± 0.06*

1.65 ± 0.07*

1.69 ± 0.05*

Glucose (mM)

6.9 ± 0.18

7.5 ± 0.2

7.4 ± 0.19

7.1 ± 0.36

Insulin (mU/l)

11.9 ± 0.6

22.7 ± 1.2*

20.1 ± 1.3*

14.8 ± 0.9

HOMA-IR

3.6 ± 0.2

7.6 ± 0.5*

6.7 ± 0.5*

4.7 ± 0.3*

Metabolic cage study/24 h

Water intake (ml)

35.7 ± 1.7

34.1 ± 1.4

34.5 ± 2.7

32.1 ± 1.9

Urine output (ml)

25.9 ± 1.7

23.5 ± 1.6

25.6 ± 0.9

22.6 ± 1.7

No. voids

19.1 ± 0.7

23.8 ± 1.1*

18.8 ± 0.7

19.5 ± 1.3

Cystometric parameters

Voiding pressure (mmHg)

26.1 ± 1.3

24.6 ± 1.1

25.2 ± 1.2

25.7 ± 1.1

Inter-contractile interval (min)

12.8 ± 0.81

8.8 ± 0.59*

12.7 ± 0.85

11.1 ± 0.96

  1. Data are presented in mean ± SEM, n = 12 in each group. C, control group; F, fructose fed group; F/T. fructose fed animals with addition of datalafil treatment; F/M fructose fed animals with addition of metformin treatment.
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