Table 2 Short and Medium Chain Fatty Acids associations with recent, persistent normoalbuminuria in subjects with a long duration of T1D and normal renal function.

Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA)

Glutarate

C₅H₈O₄

0.28 (0.20, 0.40)

8.4E−13

3.0E−10

0.33 (0.21, 0.52)

1.8E−6

2-hydroxyglutarate

C₅H₈O₅

0.25 (0.18, 0.36)

6.5E−14

2.3E−11

0.29 (0.18, 0.46)

1.8E−7

4-hydroxycarboxylate

C₄H₈O₃

0.45 (0.34, 0.60)

3.1E−8

1.1E−5

0.50 (0.34, 0.73)

3.3E−4

Medium Chain Fatty Acid (MCFA)

Dicarboxylate

 Odd-numbered

  Nonanedioate

C₉H₁₆O₄

0.21 (0.14, 0.31)

1.3E−14

4.5E−12

0.23 (0.13, 0.39)

6.4E−8

  Undecanedioate

C₁₁H₂₀O₄

0.19 (0.13, 0.30)

1.9E−14

6.5E−12

0.18 (0.10, 0.33)

1.5E−8

 Even-numbered

  Hexanedioate

C₆H₁₀O₄

0.33 (0.24, 0.46)

8.8E−12

3.1E−9

0.36 (0.23, 0.57)

1.2E−5

  Octanedioate

C₈H₁₄O₄

0.18 (0.12, 0.28)

4.1E−15

1.5E−12

0.18 (0.10, 0.32)

9.0E−9

  Decanedioate

C₁₀H₁₈O₄

0.16 (0.10, 0.25)

4.2E−15

1.5E−12

0.15 (0.08, 0.29)

1.1E−8

  Dodecanedioate

C₁₂H₂₂O₄

0.21 (0.14, 0.32)

1.8E−14

6.2E−12

0.23 (0.14, 0.39)

3.8E−8

Monocarboxylate

 Odd-numbered

  Heptanoate

C₇H₁₄O₂

0.32 (0.23, 0.44)

2.1E−11

7.3E−9

0.30 (0.19, 0.47)

1.4E−7

  Nonanoate

C₉H₁₈O₂

0.14 (0.09, 0.23)

7.0E−16

2.5E−13

0.14 (0.07, 0.27)

2.7E−9

  Undecanoate

C₁₁H₂₂O₂

0.20 (0.13, 0.30)

5.0E−15

1.7E−12

0.23 (0.13, 0.39)

6.6E−8

 Even-numbered

  Octanoate

C₈H₁₆O₂

0.48 (0.37, 0.64)

6.3E−7

2.2E−4

0.56 (0.38, 0.82)

3.0E−3