Table 1 Parameter symbols, definitions and values used as initial conditions in this study.

R₀

Basic reproduction number

2.2–6.94

^8,33

m

Initial spreading coefficient

0.4

⁸

c

Interregional communication coefficient

0.1 (UK)/0.2 (London)

^38,42

h

Percentage of hospitalization including death rate

0.2

^49,50

s

Percentage of self-healing

0.8

³²

t_h

Average incubation period

6

¹⁸

t_s

Average self-heal period

15

⁴⁶

v

Received vaccinations (until Jan 2021)

462,114

³²

i

Cumulative number of infections (until Jan 2021)

3,817,176 (UK)/652,979 (London)

³²

R_0-D614G

Basic reproduction number of variant D614G

3.1–4.8

⁴⁰