Figure 7

Mechanism of the effect of the kappa opioid receptor agonist on local neovascularization. Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonist transduces signals through the Gi protein to inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC) and subsequently decrease cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production and inactivate protein kinase A (PKA). EP, prostaglandin E receptor; GDP, guanosine diphosphate; GTP, guanosine triphosphate; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.