Table 3 Spearman’s rank-correlation coefficients (rsp) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) scores in 2016 (overall and by components) in 31 European countries.

From: The association between tobacco control policy implementation and country-level socioeconomic factors in 31 European countries

 

SES Factors (n = 31)

TCS

HDI

GDP

Gini Index

At-risk of poverty

MDI

% Unemployment

% Long-term unemployment

Education Index

Gender Inequalities Index

Total

0.240 (− 0.125; 0.548)

0.230 (− 0.163; 0.520)

− 0.044 (− 0.393; 0.315)

− 0.055 (− 0.401; 0.306)

− 0.108 (− 0.445; 0.256)

− 0.110 (− 0.447; 0.254)

− 0.159 (− 0.486; 0.207)

0.168 (− 0.198; 0.493)

− 0.036 (− 0.386; 0.322)

0.194

0.274

0.813

0.771

0.563

0.555

0.392

0.366

0.846

Price

0.048 (− 0.312; 0.396)

0.001 (− 0.354; 0.355)

0.081 (− 0.282; 0.423)

0.130 (− 0.235; 0.463)

0.190 (− 0.176; 0.510)

− 0.003 (− 0.357; 0.352)

− 0.033 (− 0.383; 0.325)

− 0.007 (− 0.361; 0.348)

0.205 (− 0.161; 0.521)

0.798

0.997

0.667

0.485

0.306

0.988

0.858

0.970

0.269

Smoke-free laws

0.251 (− 0.114; 0.556)

0.251 (− 0.114; 0.556)

0.019 (− 0.338; 0.371)

0.013 (− 0.343; 0.366)

− 0.129 (− 0.462; 0.236)

− 0.114 (− 0.450; 0.250)

− 0.156 (− 0.484; 0.210)

0.148 (− 0.218; 0.477)

− 0.065 (− 0.410; 0.296)

0.174

0.174

0.921

0.943

0.489

0.541

0.401

0.427

0.729

Public spending

0.586 (0.286; 0.781)

0.562 (0.252; 0.767)

− 0.292 (− 0.590; 0.076)

− 0.376 (− 0.648; − 0.018)

− 0.455 (− 0.700; − 0.113)

− 0.135 (− 0.472; 0.237)

− 0.227 (− 0.543; 0.145)

0.467 (0.129; 0.708)

− 0.476 (− 0.714; − 0.140)

 < 0.001

0.001

0.117

0.041

0.011

0.478

0.227

0.009

0.008

TAPS bans

0.194 (− 0.172; 0.513)

0.205 (− 0.161; 0.521)

− 0.240 (− 0,547; 0,125)

− 0.214 (− 0.528; 0.152)

− 0.192 (− 0.512; 0.174)

− 0.057 (− 0.403; 0.304)

− 0.125 (− 0.459; 0.240)

0.154 (− 0.212; 0.482)

− 0.023 (− 0.375; 0.334)

0.295

0.269

0.194

0.248

0.300

0.763

0.502

0.409

0.901

Health warnings

− 0.021 (− 0.373; 0.336)

− 0.136 (− 0.468; 0.230)

0.144 (− 0.221; 0.474)

0.049 (− 0.311; 0.396)

0.050 (− 0.309; 0.398)

− 0.129 (− 0.462; 0.236)

− 0.122 (− 0.457; 0.242)

0.153 (− 0.213; 0.481)

0.256 (− 0.108; 0.560)

0.910

0.466

0.439

0.796

0.788

0.489

0.512

0.411

0.164

Treatment

0.230 (− 0.136; 0.540)

0.286 (− − 0.076; 0.581)

0.057 (− 0.303; 0.403)

− 0.008 (− 0.362; 0.347)

− 0.133 (− 0.465; 0.232)

0.105 (− 0.259; 0.443)

0.032 (− 0.326; 0.382)

0.059 (− 0.302; 0.405)

− 0.220 (− 0.532; 0,146)

0.214

0.119

0.760

0.964

0.476

0.573

0.863

0.752

0.235

  1. Note: Bold, p value < 0.01. TAPS: Tobacco, advertising, promotion, and sponsorship; HDI: Human Development Index; GDP: Gross-domestic Product per capita (in Euros); MDI: Material Deprivation Index.