Table 4 The effect of data augmentation on slide-level tasks using the K-means negative sampling strategy, 256 as the tile stride, and EfficientNet-B0 architecture.

From: Overcoming the limitations of patch-based learning to detect cancer in whole slide images

Random crop

Stain norm

Color jitter

Affi-ne trs

Dice (% over-lap)

Error in \(\sqrt{{d}_{1}{d}_{2}}\)

Cfs. mtx

    

63

3.63

\(\left(\begin{array}{cc}4& 4\\ 0& 12\end{array}\right)\)

✓

✓

  

70

2.01

\(\left(\begin{array}{cc}4& 4\\ 0& 12\end{array}\right)\)

✓

 

✓

 

73

1.67

\(\left(\begin{array}{cc}5& 3\\ 0& 12\end{array}\right)\)

✓

  

✓

67

1.56

\(\left(\begin{array}{cc}4& 4\\ 1& 11\end{array}\right)\)

✓

✓

✓

✓

75

1.63

\(\left(\begin{array}{cc}6& 2\\ 0& 12\end{array}\right)\)