Table 4 Multiple logistic regression of depression and associated factors among the study participants (N = 655).

Age (Mean = 70.2)

< 70 years

1

1

≥ 70 years

1.08

(0.79–1.49)

0.80

(0.54–1.17)

Gender

Male

1

1

Female

1.18

(0.84–1.67)

1.06

(0.70–1.62)

Marital status

Married

1

1

Single

0.68

(0.31–1.41)

0.78

(0.36–1.71)

Other

1.13

(0.81–1.57)

0.92

(0.62–1.37)

Education

High

1

1

Low

2.53

(1.51–4.25)***

1.67

(0.89–3.12)

Employment status

Employed

1

1

Dependent

1.17

(0.82–1.66)

1.16

(0.76–1.77)

Retired

0.50

(0.22–1.14)

0.85

(0.33–2.23)

Social participation

Yes

1

1

No

1.70

(1.21–2.37)**

1.42

(0.98–2.05)

Having someone to consult personal problems

Yes

1

1

No

4.67

(2.93–7.45)***

4.23

(2.57–6.95)***

Number of friends/relatives met per month

0–6

1

1

7–13

0.90

(0.61–1.35)

0.87

(0.56–1.35)

≥ 14

1.33

(0.89–1.98)

1.21

(0.77–1.88)

BMI (Mean = 21.3)

BMI ≥ 21.3

1

1

BMI < 21.3

1.60

(1.16–2.21)**

1.73

(1.19–2.52)**

Vision

Good

1

1

Poor

1.84

(1.33–2.54)***

1.70

(1.18–2.45)**

Dental health

Good

1

1

Poor

1.66

(1.20–2.29)**

1.35

(0.94–1.95)

Co-morbidity

No co-morbidity

1

1

At least one co-morbidity

2.15

(1.33–3.49)**

2.18

(1.29–3.69)**

Two and more co-morbidity

2.64

(1.62–4.31)***

3.01

(1.73–5.23)***