Table 2 Glyphosate (GLY) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) concentrations, AMPA:GLY ratio and total extracted glyphosate values (TEG) in no-tillage farm (NT) and secondary Atlantic forest soils (SF) sampled in sites A, B and C. Data presents average ± standard deviation and [minimum–maximum] values.

From: Pesticides in a case study on no-tillage farming systems and surrounding forest patches in Brazil

Site

mg GLY/kg soil

mg AMPA/kg soil

AMPA:GLY ratio

TEG

A

NT-A1 (upper land, n = 9)

10.4 ± 6.3A [0.5–19.9]

5.7 ± 2.2A [< LOQ–7.6]

0.7 ± 0.6A [< LOQ–2.2]

19.1 ± 8.9A [0.6–30.9]

NT-A2 (mid slope, n = 9)

15.4 ± 5.7A [7.6–21.6]

8.0 ± 2.7A [3.5–12.5]

0.5 ± 0.2A [0.4–1.1]

27.6 ± 9.1A [13.0–40.7]

NT-A3 (lower slope, n = 9)

9.9 ± 7.6A [< LOQ–27.9]

5.9 ± 2.7A [< LOQ–9.7]

0.7 ± 0.3A [0.3–1.2]

18.9 ± 11.0A [< LOQ–42.7]

NT (n = 27)

11.9 ± 6.8# [< LOQ–27.9]

6.5 ± 2.7 [< LOQ–12.5]

0.6 ± 0.4 [< LOQ–2.2]

21.9 ± 10.2 [< LOQ–42.7]

SF (n = 9)

16.1 ± 9.3A [0.2–66.4]

6.3 ± 4.0A [1.0–26.0]

0.9 ± 1.4A [0.1–4.5]

25.6 ± 13.7A [1.7–42.5]

B

NT-B1 (upper land, n = 9)

16.4 ± 7.8B [0.5–24.0]

8.4 ± 3.6BC [1.3–13.0]

0.8 ± 0.8B [0.4–2.8]

29.1 ± 12.6B [2.5–42.9]

NT-B2 (mid slope, n = 9)

20.8 ± 4.0B [14.4–39.1]

10.1 ± 2.8C [5.8–14.6]

0.5 ± 0.1BC [0.4–0.7]

36.1 ± 7.6B [23.3–44.7]

NT-B3 (lower slope, n = 9)

14.4 ± 5.4B [8.4–24.3]

7.1 ± 3.2BC [3.7–13.1]

0.5 ± 0.1BC [0.4–0.6]

25.1 ± 10.2B [14.1–41.7]

NT (n = 27)

17.2 ± 6.3 [0.5–27.2]

8.5 ± 3.4 [1.3–14.6]

0.6 ± 0.5 [0.4–2.8]

30.1 ± 11.0 [2.5–44.7]

SF (n = 9)

18.1 ± 4.0B [3.0–23.7]

5.4 ± 2.0B [1.1–8.1]

0.3 ± 0.2C [0.1–0.6]

26.3 ± 5.0B [19.7–36.0]

C

NT-C1 (upper land, n = 9)

12.7 ± 7.9C [0.8–28.1]

6.6 ± 4.2D [< LOQ–13.9]

0.5 ± 0.3D [< LOQ–1.1]

22.6 ± 13.6C [0.9–49.3]

NT-C2 (mid slope, n = 9)

11.3 ± 7.2C [0.6–20.7]

4.9 ± 2.8D [< LOQ–9.6]

0.4 ± 0.2D [< LOQ–0.9]

18.7 ± 11.1C [0.7–32.8]

NT-C3 (lower slope, n = 9)

12.6 ± 5.C [3.7–19.4]

5.6 ± 1.7D [3.6–9.1]

0.5 ± 0.3D [0.3–1.2]

21.1 ± 7.4C [10.2–33.3]

NT (n = 27)

12.2 ± 6.6 [0.6–28.1]

5.7 ± 3.0 [< LOQ–13.90]

0.5 ± 0.3 [< LOQ–1.2]

20.8 ± 10.70.7–49.3

SF (n = 9)

18.1 ± 10.3C [0.1–34.5]

4.7 ± 2.2D [2.6–9.3]

5.1 ± 14.4D [0.1–43.5]

25.3 ± 11.2C [8.1–44.2]

  1. Letters represent significant differences among NT-*1, NT-*2, NT-*3 and SF-*.
  2. Significant difference were found between the different catena transects (NT-A, NT-B and NT-C, α = 0.05).
  3. No significant differences were obtained among the three SF areas (SF-A, SF-B and SF-C).
Back to article page