Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population categorized by BMI.
From: Cohort-based analysis of paternal opioid use in relation to offspring’s BMI and plasma lipid profile
Youth | ≥ 18 (underweight) | < 18 | p-value | ≤ 25 | > 25 (overweight/obesity) | p-value | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (%) | 0.025b | 0.020b | |||||
Female | 293 (80) | 73 (20) | 264 (72.1) | 102 (27.9) | 366 (43.6) | ||
Male | 407 (85.9) | 67 (14.1) | 306 (64.6) | 168 (35.4) | 474 (56.4) | ||
Regular opioid use (%) | 0.604a | 0.988b | |||||
No | 678 (83.2) | 137 (16.8) | 553 (67.8) | 262 (32.2) | 815 (97) | ||
Yes | 22 (88) | 3 (12) | 17 (68) | 8 (32) | 25 (3) | ||
Smoking (%) | 0.153a | 0.748b | |||||
No | 666 (82.9) | 137 (17.1) | 544 (67.8) | 259 (32.2) | 803 (95.6) | ||
Yes | 34 (91.9) | 3 (8.1) | 26 (70.3) | 11 (29.7) | 37 (4.4) | ||
Father smoking (%) | 0.064b | 0.052b | |||||
No | 308 (85.6) | 52 (14.4) | 237 (65.8) | 123 (34.2) | 360 (42.8) | ||
Before | 351 (82.8) | 73 (17.2) | 287 (67.7) | 137 (32.3) | 424 (50.5) | ||
After | 41 (73.2) | 15 (26.8) | 46 (82.1) | 10 (17.9) | 56 (6.7) | ||
Father regular opioid use (%) | 0.650b | 0.677b | |||||
No | 398 (82.9) | 82 (17.1) | 330 (68.8) | 150 (31.2) | 480 (57.1) | ||
Before | 133 (85.8) | 22 (14.2) | 106 (68.4) | 49 (31.6) | 155 (18.5) | ||
After | 169 (82.4) | 36 (17.6) | 134 (65.4) | 71 (34.6) | 205 (24.4) | ||
Father obesity (%) | 0.000b | 0.000b | |||||
No | 269 (77.3) | 79 (22.7) | 271 (77.8) | 77 (22.2) | 348 (41.4) | ||
Yes | 431 (87.6) | 61 (12.4) | 299 (60.8) | 193 (39.2) | 492 (58.6) | ||
Mother regular opioid use (%) | 1a | 0.932b | |||||
No | 647 (83.2) | 131 (16.8) | 529 (68) | 249 (32) | 778 (98.9) | ||
Yes | 7 (77.8) | 2 (22.2) | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) | 9 (1.1) | ||
Mother smoking (%) | 0.240a | 0.284a | |||||
No | 640 (82.8) | 133 (17.2) | 528 (68.3) | 245 (31.7) | 773 (98.2) | ||
Before | 11 (100) | 0 (0) | 6 (54.6) | 5 (45.4) | 11 (1.4) | ||
After | 3 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 3 (0.4) | ||
Mother obesity (%) | 0.008b | 0.000b | |||||
No | 339 (80) | 85 (20) | 331 (78.1) | 93 (21.9) | 424 (53.9) | ||
Yes | 315 (87) | 47 (13) | 203 (56.1) | 159 (43.9) | 362 (46.1) | ||
Drug type | 0.040a | ||||||
Opium | 394 (84.4) | 73 (15.6) | 313 (67) | 154 (33) | 467 (98.3) | ||
Heroin | 3 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (100) | 3 (0.6) | ||
Shireh | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 4 (80) | 1 (20) | 5 (1.1) | ||
Mean ± SD | |||||||
Age | 21.74 ± 5.00 | 18.95 ± 3.74 | 0.000 | 20.86 ± 4.80 | 22.14 ± 5.07 | 0.000 | |
Father education years | 9.27 ± 4.60 | 9.31 ± 4.17 | 0.921 | 9.1 ± 4.39 | 9.65 ± 4.79 | 0.094 | |
Mother education years | 8.11 ± 4.27 | 8.71 ± 4.09 | 0.137 | 8.20 ± 4.25 | 8.23 ± 4.23 | 0.920 | |
Mother BMI | 29.92 ± 5.46 | 27.85 ± 4.24 | 0.000 | 28.57 ± 4.52 | 31.68 ± 6.24 | 0.000 | |
Father BMI | 26.33 ± 4.29 | 23.86 ± 3.97 | 0.000 | 25.21 ± 4.20 | 27.41 ± 4.25 | 0.000 | |
WSI father | 0.12 ± 0.83 | 0.30 ± 0.83 | 0.0049 | 0.19 ± 0.83 | 0.13 ± 0.814 | 0.4356 | |
