Table 4 Estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios for the overweight/obesity and underweight, as predicted by duration of paternal exposure to opioid.

From: Cohort-based analysis of paternal opioid use in relation to offspring’s BMI and plasma lipid profile

 

Crude model

Final adjusted model

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Father regular opioid use (all routes of consumption)a

Duration of paternal opioid use post-conceptionb

Overweight/obesity

   

p-trend = 0.0008#

 1–7 years

0.90 (0.54–1.47)

0.676

1.72 (0.96–3.05)

0.064

 8–12.5 years

1.50 (0.93–2.42)

0.091

2.19 (1.20–4.00)

0.010

 13–18.5 years

1.10 (0.68–1.79)

0.679

2.90 (1.60–5.25)

0.000

 18.5 < years

1.05 (0.64–1.71)

0.840

1.10 (0.60–1.99)

0.751

Duration of paternal opioid use before conceptionc

Underweight

 1–4 years

0.80 (0.32–1.94)

0.624

0.42 (0.14–1.30)

0.135

 5–7 years

0.58 (0.20–1.67)

0.316

0.40 (0.12–1.28)

0.124

 7–12 years

1.31 (0.61–2.81)

0.487

1.03 (0.45–2.33)

0.939

 12 < years

0.46 (0.13–1.54)

0.212

0.30 (0.06–1.37)

0.123

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI: body mass index.
  2. a,b,cAdjusted for age, sex, father and mother, BMI, paternal smoking, and father and mother education years.
  3. *Underweight: BMI < 18.
  4. **Overweight/obesity: BMI > 25.
  5. #pTrend of linear correlation is estimated for values of duration of paternal opioid use post-conception which are lower than 19 years.
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