Figure 3

Showing expression of P2 receptors in N9 microglial cells and DMAG induced ATP secretion and expression of cytokines as well as effect of NEM and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) showing (a–i) N9 cells treated with DMAG inducing the expression of P2X receptors and P2Y receptors (a) P2X₁ (b) P2X₂ (c) P2X₄ (d) P2X₅ (e) P2X₇ (f) P2Y₆ (g) P2Y₂ (h) P2Y₄ (i) P2Y₁₄. Showing N9 cells treated with DMAG (1 mM) with or without pre-incubation with NEM (1 μM) (j) Secretion of ATP and inhibited by NEM. Showing upregulation of cytokines and inhibition by NEM (k) TGFβ (l) TNFα (m) IFNɣ. Showing N9 cells treated with DMAG (1 mM) with or without pre-incubation with SNP (0.5 mM and 1 mM) (n) secretion of ATP and its inhibition by SNP. Showing upregulation of cytokines and inhibition by SNP (o) TNFα (p) IFNy. The significance was calculated using Student T-test. * for P < 0.05, ** for P < 0.01, and *** for P < 0.001. For n numbers and the results provided as mean ± SEM, refer to text.