Figure 1

Surgery and biopsy for proteome analysis of the endolymphatic sac. (a) During surgical labyrinthectomy the endolymphatic sac is reached from the lateral side. The sac is opened from the duct region in order not to contaminate its content. The sac reaches to the sigmoid sinus. (b) Micro-CT of human temporal bone shows the three principal parts of the labyrinth presented in different colours (scale 10 mm). The operculum is the bony ledge separating the intraosseous from the extraosseous part. SSCC; superior semicircular canal. (c) Collection of ES luminal fluid (arrow) by using the in-situ sampling SPME probe. (d) Biopsy of the endolymphatic sac wall is demonstrated.