Table 3 Effects of weight loss maintenance on cardiovascular risk compared to those with weight loss-weight gain, weight stable-weight loss, and weight stable-weight maintenance groups.
From: Association of weight fluctuation with cardiovascular disease risk among initially obese adults
Outcome | Weight maintenance after weight loss | Weight cycling | Weight loss after weight maintenance | No weight change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CVD | ||||
Events (%) | 968 (23.6) | 311 (24.8) | 754 (23.5) | 13,141 (23.9) |
Person-years | 28,210 | 8,605 | 21,992 | 378,601 |
HR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) | 1.10 (1.03–1.18) |
P value | Reference | 0.535 | 0.921 | 0.005 |
Coronary heart disease | ||||
Events (%) | 434 (10.6) | 124 (9.9) | 304 (9.5) | 6,190 (11.2) |
Person-years | 29,845 | 9,215 | 23,349 | 400,747 |
HR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.93 (0.80–1.07) | 1.13 (1.03–1.25) |
P value | Reference | 0.569 | 0.306 | 0.014 |
Stroke | ||||
Events (%) | 539 (13.1) | 188 (15.0) | 451 (14.1) | 7,029 (12.8) |
Person-years | 30,193 | 9,121 | 23,424 | 406,405 |
HR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.11 (0.94–1.30) | 1.05 (0.93–1.20) | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) |
P value | Reference | 0.241 | 0.416 | 0.240 |
CVD-related death | ||||
Events (%) | 28 (0.7) | 5 (0.4) | 13 (0.4) | 218 (0.4) |
Person-years | 32,187 | 9,854 | 25,137 | 434,017 |
HR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.53 (0.20–1.38) | 0.58 (0.30–1.12) | 0.68 (0.45–1.01) |
P value | Reference | 0.193 | 0.107 | 0.056 |
