Figure 2
Radiographic parameters measured in the standing whole spine PA, lateral images, and full flexion–extension dynamogram of lumbar spine (a) Coronal balance is the distance (mm) between the coronal C7 plumb line and the CSVL. (b) The LIV (L3) tilting angle is the angle between the line measured on the inferior endplate of L3 and the horizontal line. (c) The LIV (L3/4) disc coronal angle was measured from lines between the L3 lower endplate and the L4 upper endplate. (d) The Cobb angle is the angle between the upper and lower end vertebra. (e) L3-S1 lordosis is indicated as the line measured on the superior endplate of the L3 and S1 regions. The L3/4 lateral disc mobility is the angle range of the L3/4 disc in full flexion–extension dynamogram.
