Table 3 Overview of the variation (standard deviation, mm) of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and hip joint center (HJC) locations between test and retest (first two columns) as well as the absolute difference (mm) and relative difference (in% of the lean group) between both groups.

From: 3D free-hand ultrasound to register anatomical landmarks at the pelvis and localize the hip joint center in lean and obese individuals

Variation

Lean

group (mm)

Obese

group (mm)

Absolute Diff. (mm)

(|Obese\(| -|\)Lean|)

Relative Diff.

(in % of the lean group)

MMP

Ant-post

4.8

14.4

9.5

297

Med-lat

4.1

9.7

5.6

238

Sup-inf

4.2

21.6

17.4

516

Eucl. dist.

4.2

14.2

9.9

334

IPT

Ant-post

3.0

7.8

4.8

261

Med-lat

4.1

9.3

5.2

226

Sup-inf

4.6

19.0

14.3

408

Eucl. dist.

2.9

12.0

9.1

416

3DFUS

Ant-post

8.7

15.9

7.1

182

Med-lat

10.6

10.8

0.2

102

Sup-inf

6.8

12.1

5.3

178

Eucl. dist.

8.3

13.2

4.9

159

3DFUS-HJC

Ant-post

4.6

10.5

5.9

228

Med-lat

3.1

13.4

10.3

435

Sup-inf

10.6*

14.5

3.9

137

Eucl. dist.

8.9*

15.5

6.6

174

  1. *Note that there are two outliers (from one person) present, which contribute to the high values (see Fig. 2). MMP manual marker placement, IPT instrumented pointer technique 3DFUS 3D free-hand ultrasound, HJC hip joint center.
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